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| Note to Readers | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Gender As a Historical Category | |
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| What Is Sex? What Is Gender? | |
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| What Is Gendered about American History? | |
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| What Is Women's History? | |
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| What Is Gender History? | |
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| Why Is Gender History Important? | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Chronological History | |
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| Gender Identities in the English Colonies (1600-1760) | |
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| Gender in a "New World" | |
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| Gender Identities in the Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| Gender Identities in New England in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| The Nature of Gender Relations in the Eighteenth-Century Colonies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Excerpts from Anne Bradstreet's "Prologue" to The Tenth Muse | |
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| Document: Benjamin Wadsworth, Excerpt from "About the Duties of Husbands and Wives" | |
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| Article: Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, "Vertuous Women Found: New England Ministerial Literature, 1668-1735" | |
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| Article: Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier" | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Gender Identities in the Age of Revolution and the Early Republic (1760-1820) | |
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| An Appeal from the Ladies | |
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| From Subject to Citizen | |
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| The Republican Man | |
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| Daughters of Columbia | |
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| The Gendered Identities of African Americans in the New Republic | |
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| The Gendered Identities of Native Americans in the New Republic | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Excerpts from Judith Sargent Murray's "Observations on Female Abilities" | |
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| Document: A Profligate Wife for the Independent Mechanic | |
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| Article: James Sidbury, Slave Artisans in Richmond, Virginia, 1780-1810 | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Masculinity in the Nineteenth-Century North (1820-1890) | |
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| American Men and the Gospel of Success | |
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| The Patrician Definition of Manhood | |
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| Manhood in the Agrarian and Artisan Traditions | |
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| The Entrepreneurial, Middle-Class, Self-Made Man | |
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| Evangelical Manhood | |
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| Free Men of Color and Definitions of Manliness | |
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| The Civil War As a Test of Manliness | |
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| Manliness in the Gilded Age | |
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| The Challenge of Expressing Ideals of African-American Manhood | |
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| Manhood and the Immigrant Experience | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Village Blacksmith" | |
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| Document: Charles Francis Adams, Jr., On Being a Soldier | |
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| Document: Excerpts from Russell Conwell's "Acres of Diamonds" Lecture | |
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| Article: James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, Violence, Protest, and Identity: Black Manhood in Antebellum America | |
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| Article: Judy Hilkey, Manhood Is Everything: The Masculinization and Democratization of Success | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Femininity in the Nineteenth-Century North (1820-1890) | |
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| American Women and the Cult of Domesticity | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Middle-Class Housewives | |
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| Ideals of Middle-Class Femininity and Their Consequences | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Single Women in the Middle Class | |
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| The Construction of Femininity among Working-Class Women | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Farm Women | |
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| Femininity and the Immigrant Woman | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Caricatures of Woman's Rights Advocates | |
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| Document: Lucy Larcom's "Unwedded" | |
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| Document: Excerpt from Bradwell v. Illinois | |
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| Article: Mary Kelley, At War with Herself: Harriet Beecher Stowe As Woman in Conflict within the Home | |
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| Article: Anne M. Boylan, Benevolence and Antislavery Activity among African American Women in New York and Boston, 1820-1840 | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Masculinity in the Nineteenth-Century South (1820-1890) | |
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| Manhood in the American South | |
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| Southern Planters and the Masculine Ideal | |
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| Manliness among the Plain Folk of the South | |
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| Manliness and Free Men of Color | |
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| Manliness in the Slave Quarters | |
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| Manliness among Native Americans | |
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| The Civil War and Definitions of Masculinity in the South | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Excerpts from John Lyde Wilson's "The Code of Honor" | |
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| Document: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass' Autobiography | |
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| Document: Images of a Feminized Confederate President | |
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| Article: Lawrence W. Levine, "Some Go Up and Some Go Down": The Animal Trickster [and the Construction of African American Manliness in the Antebellum South] | |
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| Article: Steven M. Stowe, The "Touchiness" of the Gentleman Planter: The Sense of Esteem and Continuity in the Ante-Bellum South | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Femininity in the Nineteenth-Century South (1820-1890) | |
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| The Southern Woman in Myth and Legend | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Plantation Mistresses | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Yeomen Farm Women | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Free Women of Color before General Emancipation | |
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| The Construction of Femininity in the Slave Quarters | |
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| The Feminine Identities of Native American Women | |
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| The Impact of the Civil War on the Construction of Southern Womanhood | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Excerpts from Louisa S. McCord's "Woman and Her Needs" | |
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| Document: Excerpt from Elizabeth Keckley's Autobiography | |
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| Document: Characteristics of a Southern Lady | |
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| Article: Laura F. Edwards, "I Am My Own Woman and Will Do as I Please": Gender Roles in Poor African-American and Common White Households | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Gender Identities in the Trans-Mississippi West (1820-1890) | |
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| Gender, the Frontier, and Popular Imagination | |
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| Gender Identities among Anglo-Americans in the Trans-Mississippi West | |
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| Anglo Men and Women on the Trail Leading West | |
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| Gender Roles and Relations on Farms and Ranches | |
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| Gender Roles and Relations in Mining Towns | |
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| Gender Roles and Relations among the Mormons | |
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| Gender Identities among Native Americans in the Trans-Mississippi West | |
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| Gender Identities and Relations among Immigrants in the Trans-Mississippi West | |
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| Gender Identities and Relations in Mexican-American Communities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Excerpts from the Memoir of a Cowboy | |
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| Document: Folk Songs about Life in the Trans-Mississippi West | |
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| Document: Excerpts from Richard Henry Dana's Memoir | |
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| Article: Sylvia D. Hoffert, Jane Grey Swisshelm and the Negotiation of Gender Roles on the Minnesota Frontier | |
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| Article: Janet Lecompte, The Independent Women of Hispanic New Mexico, 1821-1846 | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| The New Woman and the New Man at the Turn of the Century (1890-1920) | |
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| Men, Women, and the "Crisis" in Gender Identity | |
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| The Dilemmas Facing Middle-Class Men at the Turn of the Century | |
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| The Emergence of a New Middle-Class Man | |
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| A New Man for a New Century--Theodore Roosevelt as the Quintessential Man | |
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| A New Woman for a New Century | |
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| A New Version of Conventional Womanhood | |
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| Masculinity and Femininity in the Working Class | |
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| Gender and the Special Dilemma of Black Men and Women | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Excerpts from Theodore Roosevelt's "The Strenuous Life" | |
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| Document: Caroline Ticknor's "The Steel-Engraving Lady and the Gibson Girl" | |
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| Document: W. E. B. Dubois's New Year's Resolutions | |
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| Article: Peter G. Filene, In Time of War [The Construction of American Manhood in WWI] | |
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| Article: Joan Jacobs Brumberg, The Appetite As Voice [Women, the Body, and Feminine Identity at the Turn of the Century] | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Masculinity in the Twentieth Century (1920-1975) | |
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| New Men in a New Age | |
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| White Manhood and the Transition from Prosperity to Depression | |
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| World War II, the Cold War, and the Definition of Manliness | |
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| Manliness in the Age of Youthful Revolt | |
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| The Continuing Struggle to Redeem Black Manhood | |
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| Black Manliness during Depression and War | |
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| Black Manhood Redeemed | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Claude McKay's "If We Must Die" | |
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| Document: Robert Benchley's "The Vanishing Father" | |
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| Document: Martin Luther King, Jr., on Manliness and Passive Resistance | |
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| Article: Robert L. Griswold, The "Flabby American," the Body, and the Cold War | |
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| Article: Joshua B. Freeman, Hardhats: Construction Workers, Manliness, and the 1970 Pro-War Demonstrations | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Femininity in the Twentieth Century (1920-1975) | |
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| The Housewife's Revolution | |
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| The Flapper and Her Challenge to Conventional Womanhood | |
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| The Persistence of the Domestic Ideal | |
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| World War II and Its Challenge to the Domestic Ideal | |
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| Femininity and the Post-War Backlash | |
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| The Continuing Challenge to the Cult of Domesticity | |
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| Black Womanhood and Definitions of Femininity | |
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| Femininity and Hispanic Womanhood | |
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| Second Wave Feminism and Its Impact on Definitions of Femininity | |
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| Resistance to the Feminist Vision | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: Women Trying to Unravel the Mysteries of Motherhood | |
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| Document: Lundberg and Farnham's Critique of the American Housewife | |
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| Document: Radical Feminists Reject the Feminine Ideal | |
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| Article: Nancy Maclean, White Women and Klan Violence in the 1920s | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Topical History | |
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| Gender, Identity, and Sexuality (1600-1975) | |
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| Questions of Gender/Sexual Identity | |
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| Gender and the Expression of Sexuality in American Society | |
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| What Qualifies As Sexual--Or What Is Sex Anyway? | |
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| Gender and Sexuality during the Colonial Period | |
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| Gender and Sexuality in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Gender and Utopian Views of Sexuality in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Gender and Same Sex Intimacy in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Sexuality and Gender in the Twentieth Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: William Acton on Female Passionlessness | |
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| Document: Femininity and Lesbianism in the WAVES | |
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| Document: Playboy Magazine on the Subject of Gender and Sexual Activity | |
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| Article: Katy Coyle and Nadiene Van Dyke, Sex, Smashing, and Storyville in Turn-of-the-Century New Orleans: Reexamining the Continuum of Lesbian Sexuality | |
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| Article: Kevin J. Mumford, "Lost Manhood" Found: Male Sexual Impotence and Victorian Culture in the United States | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Gender and Sport (1600-1975) | |
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| Babe and the Question of Gender | |
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| The Emergence of the Sportsman | |
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| Take Me Out to the Ballgame | |
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| The Moral Equivalent of War | |
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| Sport, Ethnicity, and Manliness | |
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| Sport, Race, and Manliness | |
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| Participation in Sport and the Feminine Ideal | |
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| Sports and the Cause of Equal Rights | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: American Manliness and the College Regatta | |
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| Document: Femininity Transformed: Women Play Baseball | |
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| Article: Michael S. Kimmel, Baseball and the Reconstitution of Masculinity, 1880-1920 | |
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| Article: Susan K. Cahn, From the "Muscle Moll" to the "Butch" Ballplayer: Mannishness, Lesbianism, and Homophobia in U.S. Women's Sport | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Gender and Violence (1600-1975) | |
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| Gender and the Question of Violence | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Interracial Violence | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Domestic Violence | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Murder and Rape | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: The Ku Klux Klan and Violence During Reconstruction | |
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| Document: A Murder Case in 1880s Pittsburgh | |
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| Article: Elliott J. Gorn, "Gouge and Bite, Pull Hair and Scratch": The Social Significance of Fighting in the Southern Backcountry | |
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| Article: Catherine Ross Nickerson, "The Deftness of Her Sex": Innocence, Guilt, and Gender in the Trial of Lizzie Borden | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Gender and Work (1600-1975) | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Labor | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Farm Labor | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Domestic Labor | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Work in Manufacturing, Food Processing, and the Needle Trades | |
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| The Gendered Nature of Clerical Work | |
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| The Law As a Gendered Profession | |
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| Summary | |
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| Document: The Problem with Lady Clerks | |
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| Document: Should Women Be Recruited to Work in America's Factories? | |
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| Article: Angel Kwolek-Folland, Gender, Self, and Work in the Life Insurance Industry, 1880-1930 | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |