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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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[characters not reproducible] (Math Came Later) | |
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An Eerie Sense of Deja Vu | |
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Characteristics of Visual Information Systems | |
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Query by Example and the Semantic Gap | |
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What Do Users Really Need? | |
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User Interaction with Image Archives | |
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The Mysterious Case of the Disappearing Semantics | |
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Signs and Meanings | |
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Can Images Lie? | |
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What Kind of Signs are Pictures? | |
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The Association Between Text and Pictures | |
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The Three Modalities of Signification | |
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Linguistic Modality | |
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Closed World Modality | |
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The User Modality | |
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The Quest for Formalization | |
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How You Can Know You Are Right | |
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The Role of Evaluation | |
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Inadequacy of Traditional Evaluation Models | |
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Basic Techniques | |
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Measurements of Trial Results | |
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Does the Difference Make a Difference? | |
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Contextual Evaluation | |
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Noncontextual Evaluation | |
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Additional Pointers | |
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De Re Visiva Principia Geometrica | |
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Similarity | |
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Preattentive Similarity | |
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Psychological Models of Similarity | |
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The Metric Axioms | |
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Alternatives to the Distance Axioms | |
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The Feature Contrast Model | |
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Fuzzy Set-Theoretic Similarity | |
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Fuzzy Features Contrast Model | |
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Feature Dependence | |
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Consideration of Geometric Distances | |
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Metric and Similarity Structures | |
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Variable Metric Structures | |
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Distance Algebras | |
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Similarity Algebras | |
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Algebras for Variable Metric Structures | |
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Systems with Limited Ontologies | |
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Features | |
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Color | |
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Color Representation | |
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The Perception of Colors | |
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Texture | |
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The Problem of Scale | |
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Statistical Texture Features | |
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Gabor Decomposition | |
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Quadrature Mirror Filters | |
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Histograms | |
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Global Histograms | |
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Discriminating Power of Histograms | |
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Spatial Histograms | |
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Segmentation | |
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Clustering Methods | |
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Region Merging and Region Splitting | |
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Edge Flow | |
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Shape Description and Similarity | |
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The Contents of a Region | |
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Region Shape | |
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Spatial Relations | |
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Similarity of Region Images | |
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Systems with General Ontologies | |
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Bases, Frames, and Transforms | |
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Periodic Functions and the Fourier Transform | |
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Frames | |
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Group Representations and Image Transforms | |
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Boundedness Modulo a Subgroup | |
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Affine Wavelets | |
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Other Wavelet-Generating Groups | |
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Discrete Subgroups and Transforms | |
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Quadrature Mirror Filters | |
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Measuring the Distance | |
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Point Distances | |
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General Distances | |
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Natural Distances | |
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Invariance Properties | |
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Approximate Representations | |
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Vector Quantization | |
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Quality of Representation | |
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Approximate Distance Computation | |
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Writing About Images | |
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Automatic Text Analysis | |
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Single Term Indexing | |
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Term Weighting | |
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The Vector Space Model | |
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Latent Semantics | |
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Relevance Feedback | |
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Rocchio Algorithm | |
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Evaluation | |
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Precision and Recall | |
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Other Models | |
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The Relation Between Text and Images | |
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Some Truisms on Web Structures | |
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That is Good, but Where are the Images? | |
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Image-Text Integration | |
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Visual Dictionary | |
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Mutual Influence | |
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e cerca e truova e quello officio adempie | |
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Algebra and the Modern Query | |
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A First Model of Image Data | |
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A Quick Review of Relational Algebra | |
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An Algebra for Image Databases | |
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An Algebra of Scoring Functions | |
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Complementation | |
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Conjunction and Disjunction | |
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Other Operators | |
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Associative Operators | |
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Weighted Combinations of Scores | |
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A functional View of the Scoring Operators | |
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A More Complete Data Model | |
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Scoring Function and Operators | |
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Image Structure and Feature Algebra | |
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General Data Types | |
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Image Features | |
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Feature Algebras | |
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Examples | |
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Where Is My Image? | |
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Who Cursed Dimensionality? | |
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Framework and Definitions | |
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Query Instability | |
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Concentration of Measure | |
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So, Now What? | |
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Dimensionality Reduction | |
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Singular Value Decomposition | |
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Multidimensional Scaling | |
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Space-Partitioning Techniques | |
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The K-d Tree | |
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R-Trees Style Trees | |
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The R*-Tree | |
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The TV-Tree | |
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Indexing in Metric Spaces | |
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Hashing | |
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Nearest-Neighbor Search | |
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A Cost Model | |
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Of Mice and Men | |
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Sign Systems | |
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Semiotic Morphisms | |
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Interface Spaces and Sign Systems | |
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Relational Databases | |
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Query-by-Example | |
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Interaction Diagrams | |
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Representation | |
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User Response | |
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Querying | |
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Other Forms of User Dialog | |
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Query-by-Example | |
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Representation Techniques | |
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Spring Embedding | |
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Projection Pursuit | |
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Clustering in the Output Space | |
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Other Visualization Techniques | |
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User Response | |
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Direct Manipulation | |
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Linguistic Features | |
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Additional interaction | |
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Query Creation | |
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Image-text Integration | |
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What Else? | |
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Appendix | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |