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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Contributors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| An Initial Exploration of Time Domain Phenomena | |
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| The Infinite-Length Wire Antenna | |
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| The Finite-Length Wire Antenna | |
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| The Finite-Length Wire Scatterer | |
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| Late-Time Radiation from an Impulsively Excited Perfect Conductor | |
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| Some Special Capabilities of Time Domain Models | |
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| Modeling Chocies in CEM | |
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| Why Model in the Time Domain? | |
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| Evolution of Time Domain Modeling | |
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| Some General References | |
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| General Aspects of Time Domain Modeling | |
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| Model Development | |
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| Explicit vs Implicit Solution | |
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| Excitation Requirements | |
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| TD Solution | |
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| Time Domain Integral Equation Modeling | |
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| Some Representative TDIEs | |
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| A Prototype TDIE Model | |
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| Alternate Forms for a TDIE Solution | |
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| Excitation of a TDIE Model | |
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| Physical Implication of a TDIE Explicit Model | |
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| A Near-Neighbor TD Approximation | |
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| Time Domain Differential Equation Modeling | |
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| Space-Time Sampling of TDDE | |
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| Some Spatial-Mesh Alternatives | |
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| Mesh Closure Conditions | |
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| Handling Small Features in DE Models | |
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| Obtaining Far Fields from DE Models | |
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| Variations of TDDE Models | |
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| Comparison of TDDE and TDIE Models | |
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| Specific Issues Related to Time Domain Modeling | |
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| Increasing the Stability of the Time-Stepping Solution | |
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| Exploiting EM Singularities | |
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| Signal Processing as a Part of TD Modeling | |
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| Total-Field and Scattered-Field Formulations | |
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| Handling Frequency Dispersion and Loading in TD Models | |
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| Handling Medium and Component Nonlinearities or Time Variations in TD Models | |
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| Hybrid TD Models | |
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| The Concept of Pseudo-Time in Iterative FD Solutions | |
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| Exploiting Symmetries in TD Modeling | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Wire Structures: TDIE Solution | |
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| Basic Analysis | |
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| Analysis of a Straight Wire | |
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| Method of Moments Solution | |
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| Conjugate Gradient Method Solution | |
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| Numerical Example | |
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| Analysis of an Arbitrary Wire | |
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| Moment Method Solution | |
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| Conjugate Gradient Method | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Implicit Solution Scheme | |
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| Application to Arbitrary Wire | |
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| Numerical Implementation | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Analysis of Multiple Wires and Wire Junctions | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Infinite Conducting Cylinders: TDIE Solution | |
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| Integral Equation Formulation | |
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| Discretization Scheme | |
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| TM Incidence: EFIE Formulation | |
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| Explicit Solution Procedure | |
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| Implicit Solution Procedure | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| TE Incidence: EFIE Formulation | |
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| Explicit Solution Procedure | |
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| Implicit Solution Procedure | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| TE Incidence: HFIE Formulation | |
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| Explicit Solution Procedure | |
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| Implicit Solution Procedure | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Finite Conducting Bodies: TDIE Solution | |
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| Integral Equation Formulation | |
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| Numerical Solution Scheme | |
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| Explicit Numerical Method | |
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| Implicit Numerical Method | |
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| Efficiency Considerations | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Far-Scattered Fields | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Near-Scattered Fields | |
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| Extrapolation of Time Domain Response | |
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| Matrix Pencil Method | |
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| Total Least Squares Matrix Pencil | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Dielectric Bodies: TDIE Solution | |
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| Integral Equation Formulation | |
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| Two-Dimensional Cylinders | |
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| Numerical Solution Procedure | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Three-Dimensional Bodies | |
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| Numerical Solution Procedure | |
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| Far-Scattered Fields | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Finite-Difference Time Domain Method | |
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| Introduction to FDTD | |
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| Pulse Propagation in a Lossy, Inhomogeneous, Layered Medium | |
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| Propagation of Half-Sine Pulse | |
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| Remote Sensing of Inhomogeneous, Lossy, Layered Media | |
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| Profile Inversion Results | |
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| Key Elements of FDTD Modeling Theory | |
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| FDTD Formulation for Two-Dimensional Closed-Region Problems | |
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| FDTD Formulation for TM and TE Cases | |
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| Hollow Rectangular Waveguide | |
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| Dielectric Slab-Loaded Rectangular Waveguide | |
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| Shielded Microstrip Lines | |
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| FDTD Formulation for Two-Dimensional Open-Region Problems | |
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| Absorbing Radiation Boundary Condition | |
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| Second-Order Radiation Boundary Condition | |
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| Plane Wave Source Condition | |
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| Near- to Far-Field Transformation | |
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| FDTD Modeling of Curved Surfaces | |
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| Perfectly Conducting Object: The TE Case | |
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| Perfectly Conducting Object: The TM Case | |
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| Homogeneous Dielectric Object: The TE Case | |
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| FDTD Formulation for Three-Dimensional Closed-Region Problems | |
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| Three-Dimensional Full-Wave Analysis | |
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| Compact Two-Dimensional FDTD Algorithm | |
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| Evaluation of Dispersion Characteristics | |
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| FDTD Formulation for Three-Dimensional Open-Region Problems | |
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| Second-Order Radiation Boundary Condition | |
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| Three-Dimensional Plane Wave Source Condition | |
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| Near- to Far-Field Transformation for the Three-Dimensional Case | |
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| RCS of a Flat-Plate Scatterer | |
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| Computer Resources and Modeling Implications | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Transmission Line Modeling Method | |
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| The Two-Dimensional TLM | |
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| Time Domain Wave Equation | |
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| Time Domain Transmission Line Equation | |
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| Equating Maxwell's and the Circuit Equations | |
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| General Scattering Matrix Theory | |
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| Applying Scattering Theory to the Free-Space Shunt T-Line | |
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| Modeling Inhomogeneous Lossy Media | |
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| Excitation of the TLM Mesh and Metallic Boundaries | |
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| TLM Mesh Truncation Conditions | |
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| Discretization of the TLM Spatial Grid | |
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| TLM Output | |
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| The Series Node and Duality | |
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| Outline of the Algorithm for Two-Dimensional TLM Code | |
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| Three-Dimensional TLM | |
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| Special Features in TLM | |
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| Frequency-Dependent Material | |
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| Alternative Meshing Schemes | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Antenna Array | |
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| Electromagnetic Scattering | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Finite-Element Time Domain Method | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Incident Field | |
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| Transverse Magnetic Case | |
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| Formulation | |
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| Finite-Element Procedure | |
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| Time-Stepping Procedure | |
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| Numerical Results | |
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| Transverse Electric Case | |
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| Formulation | |
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| Finite-Element Procedure | |
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| Time-Stepping Procedure | |
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| Numerical Results | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Finite-Volume Time Domain Method | |
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| Maxwell's Equations as a Hyperbolic Conservative System | |
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| The Conservative Form of Maxwell's Equations | |
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| Characteristics and Wavefront Propagation | |
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| An Elementary Form of the Finite-Volume Method | |
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| Finite-Volume Discretization of Maxwell's Equations | |
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| Spatial Discretizations | |
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| Temporal Discretization | |
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| Consistency and Stability | |
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| Hybridization of the FVTD Method with Other Models and Methods | |
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| Thin-Wire Models in the FVTD Method | |
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| Hybridization of the FVTD and the FDTD Methods | |
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| Another Approach of the Finite-Volume Approach | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Dielectric Structures | |
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| Thin Screens with Finite Conductivity | |
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| Thin Wires | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |