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Preface | |
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Foreword | |
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List of Contributors | |
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History of Rabies Research | |
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Ancient Greek and Roman times | |
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Girolamo Fracastoro | |
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John Morgagni | |
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Earliest Pathogenesis Studies | |
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Louis Pasteur and Rabies Vaccination | |
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Earliest Pathogenesis Studies Focused on Pathways of Neural Spread to CNS | |
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Adelchi Negri and Negri bodies | |
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Paul Remlinger | |
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Early Studies Using Electron Microscopy | |
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Fluorescent Antibody Staining by Goldwasser and Kissling | |
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Pathogenesis Studies in Rodents by Richard T. Johnson and Frederick A. Murphy and Co-workers | |
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First Clone of a Rabies Virus Gene | |
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References | |
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Rabies Virus | |
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Introduction | |
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Rabies Virus Architecture | |
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Genome and RNP Structures | |
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Life Cycle of Rabies Virus Infection | |
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References | |
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Epidemiology | |
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Introduction | |
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Global Epidemiology | |
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Routes Of Rabies Virus Transmission | |
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Risk and Prevention of Rabies Following an Exposure | |
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Epidemiology of Human Rabies in North America and Europe | |
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Epidemiology of Human Rabies in Africa and Asia | |
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The Burden and Cost of Rabies in Africa and Asia | |
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Epizootiology of Rabies in Latin America | |
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Case Number Dynamics and Modeling | |
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Skunk Rabies Virus Variants | |
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Raccoon Rabies in North America | |
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Epidemiology of Mongoose-associated Rabies | |
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Canine Rabies Virus Variants | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Molecular Epidemiology | |
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Introduction | |
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Methods and Definition of Terms | |
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Lyssavirus Taxonomy | |
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Future Trends | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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References | |
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Rabies in Terrestrial Animals | |
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Introduction | |
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What is a Susceptible Host? | |
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Pathogenesis | |
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Prevention | |
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Clinical Signs | |
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Domestic Dogs | |
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Raccoons | |
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Skunks | |
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Mongooses and Their Allies | |
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Foxes | |
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Coyotes | |
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Jackals | |
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Wolves | |
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Cats | |
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Cattle | |
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Horses and Donkeys | |
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Sheep and Goats | |
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Opossums and Other Marsupials | |
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Rodents and Lagomorphs | |
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Other Species | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Bat Rabies | |
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Introduction | |
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Lyssaviruses and Insectivorous Bats | |
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Lyssaviruses and Frugivorous Bats | |
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Rabies in Hematophagous Bats | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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References | |
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Human Disease | |
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Introduction | |
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Exposures, Incubation Period, and Prodromal Symptoms | |
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Clinical Forms of Disease | |
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Investigations | |
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Differential Diagnosis | |
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Rabies Due to Other Lyssavirus Genotypes | |
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References | |
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Pathogenesis | |
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Introduction | |
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Virus Entry into the Nervous System | |
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Rabies Virus Receptors | |
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Spread to the CNS | |
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Spread within the CNS | |
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Spread from the CNS | |
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Animal Models of Rabies Virus Neurovirulence | |
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Structural Damage Caused by Rabies Virus Infection in the CNS | |
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Brain Dysfunction in Rabies | |
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Recovery from Rabies and Chronic Rabies Virus Infection | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Pathology | |
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Introduction | |
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Macroscopic Findings | |
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Pathology in the Central Nervous System | |
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Pathology in the Peripheral Nervous System | |
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Pathology Involving the Inoculation Site, Eye, and Extraneural Organs | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Immunology | |
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Introduction | |
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RABV Innate Immune Response | |
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RABV Adaptive Immune Response | |
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RABV Infection Triggers a CNS Mediated Immune-Unresponsiveness | |
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Paradoxical Role of IFN in RABV Virulence | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Rabies | |
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Laboratory-Based Rabies Diagnostic Testing | |
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Postmortem Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals | |
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Antemortem Diagnosis of Rabies | |
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Use of Molecular Methods to Detect Viral RNA | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Measures of Rabies Immunity | |
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Introduction | |
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History of Regulatory Standards | |
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Regulatory Requirements | |
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Assuring Quality Results | |
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Assay Selection | |
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Serum Neutralization Assays | |
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Binding Assays | |
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Defining "Adequate" or "Minimum" Response to Rabies Vaccination | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Rabies Vaccines | |
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Introduction | |
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Human and Animal Rabies Vaccines | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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References | |
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Next Generation of Rabies Vaccines | |
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Introduction | |
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History of Rabies Vaccines | |
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Current Rabies Vaccine Regimens | |
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Incidence and Risk for Rabies and Vaccine Failures | |
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Correlates of Protection | |
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Experimental Vaccines for Rabies | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Public Health Management of Humans at Risk | |
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Introduction | |
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Human Deaths are Preventable | |
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Factors Responsible for the Continuation of Human Rabies Deaths | |
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Tools to Prevent Human Rabies Deaths | |
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Communication, Awareness, and Advocacy | |
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Involving Communities in Rabies Control Efforts | |
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Sustainability | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Therapy of Human Rabies | |
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Human Cases with Recovery from Rabies | |
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Future Prospects for the Aggressive Management of Rabies in Humans | |
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References | |
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Dog Rabies and Its Control | |
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Introduction | |
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Epidemiological Theory of Dog Rabies Control | |
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Practical Aspects of Dog Rabies Control | |
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References | |
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Rabies Control in Wild Carnivores | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical and Contemporary Aspects of Rabies Control in Wildlife | |
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The Concept of Controlling Rabies in Wildlife | |
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Initiation of Wildlife Rabies Control Programs | |
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Diagnosis of Suspect Wildlife | |
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Vector Species Biology in Relation to Rabies Epidemiology | |
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Transportation of Wildlife | |
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Point Infection Control | |
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Percentage of a Vector Population that has to be Culled or Immunized in order to Control Rabies | |
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Bait Development for Delivery of Oral Rabies Vaccine | |
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Oral Rabies Vaccination Initiation/Considerations | |
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Importance of Rabies Vector Ecology for Rabies Control Planning | |
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Large-Scale Vaccine-Bait Distribution Technology | |
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Surveillance Prior to, During, and After a Rabies Control Program | |
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The Ontario Rabies Management Program-A Model of a Multi-Faceted Approach to Wildlife Rabies Control | |
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The Costs and Benefits of Wildlife Rabies Control | |
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Vaccine Baiting Efficiency and Baiting Success Guidelines | |
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Modeling | |
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Contingency Planning | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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References | |
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Blueprint for Rabies Prevention and Control | |
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Introduction | |
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Principles and Format | |
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Steps Required for Canine Rabies Elimination | |
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Conclusions and Future Developments | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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References | |
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Future Developments and Challenges | |
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Introduction | |
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Pathogenesis | |
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Epidemiology | |
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Therapy of Human Rabies | |
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Rabies Virus as a Biothreat Agent | |
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Prevention of Human Rabies | |
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Control of Animal Rabies | |
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References | |
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Index | |