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Contributors | |
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Preface | |
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General Overview: Biomarkers in Neuroscience Research | |
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The Quest for Biomarkers in Neuroscience | |
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Tools for Biomarker Discovery in Neuroscience | |
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Advancements in Biomarker Discovery in Neuroscience | |
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Considerations for Biomarker Discovery and Translation in Neuroscience | |
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Outlook-The Perspective of Personalized Medicine | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Imaging Brain Microglial Activation Using Positron Emission Tomography and Translocator Protein-Specific Radioligands | |
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Introduction | |
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Principles of PET Imaging | |
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TSPO for Assessment of Microglial Expression | |
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Challenges Facing PET Imaging of the TSPO | |
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Disease Applications | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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The Utility of Gene Expression in Blood Cells for Diagnosing Neuropsychiatric Disorders | |
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Introduction | |
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Microarray Gene Expression Analysis | |
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Diagnostic Gene Expression Classifiers | |
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Blood Gene Expression Studies of Neuropsychiatric Disorders | |
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MicroRNA Expression Analysis | |
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Pharmacogenomics | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Proteomic Technologies for Biomarker Studies in Psychiatry: Advances and Needs | |
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Introduction | |
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The Social Impact of Psychiatric Disorders | |
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The Role of Proteomics in Psychiatry | |
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Proteomic Studies in Psychiatry: What Methods Have Been Used to Date? | |
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Underexplored Proteomic Methods in Psychiatry Studies | |
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The Importance of Validation Experiments in Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery in Psychiatry | |
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Clinical Translation | |
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Summary | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Converging Evidence of Blood-Based Biomarkers for Schizophrenia: An update | |
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Introduction | |
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Methodology | |
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Results | |
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Discussion | |
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Conclusion and Perspectives | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Abnormalities in Metabolism and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Schizophrenia | |
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Introduction | |
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Peripheral Metabolic Effects | |
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Altered Hormone Secretion in Schizophrenia | |
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Altered Hormone Production in Schizophrenia Pituitaries | |
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Evidence for Altered Insulin Signaling in Schizophrenia Brain | |
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Environmental Causes of Psychiatric Illness | |
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Specificity of Molecular Signature for Schizophrenia | |
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Therapeutic Implications | |
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Special Considerations | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Immune and Neuroimmune Alterations in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia | |
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Introduction | |
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Inflammatory Cytokines in Psychiatric Disorders-State of the Art 2010 | |
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Circulating Immune Cells in Psychiatric Disorders-State of the Art 2010 | |
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Our Recent Studies on the Inflammatory State in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia | |
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Communication of Immune System and Brain in Psychiatric Illness: The Role of Microglia | |
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The Origin of the Activated Immune System in Psychiatric Patients: Genes or Environment? | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Behavioral and Molecular Biomarkers in Translational Animal Models for Neuropsychiatric Disorders | |
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Introduction: The Problems with Animal Models | |
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Toward Etiological Models in Neuropsychiatry | |
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Reverse Translation | |
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Statistical Methods to Link Biomarkers from Animal Models with the Human Disease | |
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Integration of Animal Models Using the Framework of RDoC | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Stem Cell Models for Biomarker Discovery in Brain Disease | |
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Introduction | |
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Need for Cellular Models | |
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Understanding Disease | |
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Biomarker Discovery | |
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Accessible Cells for Biomarker Discovery in Brain Diseases | |
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Patient-Derived Stem Cells for Biomarker Discovery in Brain Diseases | |
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Olfactory Mucosa-An Accessible Neural Tissue for Biomarker Discovery | |
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Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cells as Models for Brain Diseases | |
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Patient-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells as Models for Brain Diseases | |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Current Cell Models | |
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Future Directions: Biomarkers from Stem Cell Models | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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The Application of Multiplexed Assay Systems for Molecular Diagnostics | |
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Introduction | |
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The Problem of Disease Heterogeneity | |
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Multiplexed Assays are Needed to Characterize Heterogeneous Illnesses | |
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Multiplex Immunoassay Profiling | |
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Toward Functional Analysis | |
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Conclusion and Outlook | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Algorithm Development for Diagnostic Biomarker Assays | |
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Introduction | |
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Methods | |
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Results and Discussion | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Challenges of Introducing New Biomarker Products for Neuropsychiatry Disorders into the Market | |
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Introduction | |
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Biomarker Blood Tests for Diagnosis and Management of Mental Disorders | |
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Current Dilemmas in Psychiatric Diagnosis | |
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The Potential for Biomarker-Based Diagnostic Tests in Psychiatry | |
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Why Is Early Diagnosis So Important? | |
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Historical Perspective-The Blood of the "Insane" | |
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Biomarkers: Not Quite Living up to the Promise? | |
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Biomarkers: What Are the Issues? | |
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Development of a Molecular Blood Test for Schizophrenia | |
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Conclusions | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Toward Personalized Medicine in the Neuropsychiatric Field | |
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Introduction | |
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Is Personalized Medicine All About Genetics? How Many Measures Are We Talking About? | |
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Opportunities for Personalized Medicine in Neuropsychiatry for Drug Discovery | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Clinical Utility of Serum Biomarkers for Major Psychiatric Disorders | |
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Introduction and Scope of the Subject | |
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About the Concept of Diagnosis in (Current) Psychiatry | |
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What Should/Might a Useful Biomarker Predict/Distinguish in Psychiatry | |
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Intermezzo: Lessons from Oncology | |
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Overview of Current Results on Serum Biomarkers | |
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Future Prospects, Research Agenda | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Biomarkers, Biosensors, Neuroinformatics, and E-Neuropsychiatry and E-Neuropsychiatry | |
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Introduction | |
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Current Diagnostic Tools for Mental Illness | |
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The Emergence of Molecular Biomarkers | |
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Clinical Impact of Biomarkers | |
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Point-of-Care Testing | |
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Biosensors | |
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Biosensors in Neuroscience | |
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Neuroinformatics | |
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e-Neuroscience and e-Neuropsychiatry | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Subject Index | |
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Contents of Recent Volumes | |