Forest Fires Behavior and Ecological Effects

Name: Forest Fires Behavior and Ecological Effects
Price: 58.2 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780123866608

ISBN-10: 012386660X

ISBN-13: 9780123866608

Edition: 2001

Authors: Edward A. Johnson, Kiyoko Miyanishi

List price: $122.00

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Description:

Even before the myth of Prometheus, fire played a crucial ecological role around the world. Numerous plant communities depend on fire to generate species diversity in both time and space. Without fire such ecosystems would become sterile monocultures. Recent efforts to prohibit fire in fire dependent communities have contributed to more intense and more damaging fires. For these reasons, foresters, ecologists, land managers, geographers, and environmental scientists are interested in the behavior and ecological effects of fires. This book will be the first to focus on the chemistry and physics of fire as it relates to the ways in which fire behaves and the impacts it has on ecosystem…

Book details

List price: $122.00
Copyright year: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
Publication date: 3/1/2001
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 594
Size: 5.98" wide x 9.02" long x 0.45" tall
Weight: 2.046
Language: English



Contributors


Preface


Acknowledgments



Strengthening Fire Ecology's Roots




Introduction



Processes



Transfer Rates and Budgets



Examples of Traditional vs. Proposed Approach


References



Flames




Introduction



Basic Aspects of Combustion in Forest Fires



Temperature, Velocity, Species Concentration, and Flame Height



Premixed and Diffusion Flames



Extinction of Diffusion Flames



Diffusion Flames and Scaling Analysis



Spreading Flames



Structure of Flame Base



Conclusions


Notation


References



Combustion Chemistry and Smoke




Introduction



Fuel Chemistry and Combustion



Smoke Production



Minimizing Smoke Production



Conclusions


References



Water Relations of Forest Fuels




Introduction



Forest Fuels



Fuel Moisture Relationships



Moisture Content Estimation


Notation


Additional Reading


References



Wildland Fire Spread Models




Introduction



Head Fire Rate of Spread (Physical Principles and Their Mathematical Embodiment)



Head Fire Rate of Spread: Australia



Head Fire Rate of Spread: United States



Head Fire Rate of Spread: Canada



Smoldering



Whole Fire Modeling--Fire Shape


Notation


References



Wind-Aided Fire Spread




Introduction



Laboratory-Scale Setup



Fire Spread Model



Preliminary Testing of the Model



Test Results for the Effect of Wind Speed and Fuel Loading on the Rate of Fire Spread



Conclusions


Notation


Recommended Reading


References



Fire Plumes




Introduction



Modeling Fire Temperature Maxima



Plumes above Fires in a Cross Wind


Notation


References



Coupling Atmospheric and Fire Models




Introduction



Vorticity Dynamics in a Fire



Coupling between Atmosphere and Fire



The Elements of Fire Modeling



Modeling the Atmosphere



The Coupled Fire--Atmosphere Modeling Approach



Idealized Studies of Wildfire Behavior



Infrared Observations of Fires



Conclusions and Future Work



Circulation and Vorticity



Development of Vertical Rotation in a Frictionless Fluid



Generation of Vertical Motion in Rotating Convective Cells


Notation


References



Surface Energy Budget and Fuel Moisture




Introduction



Evapotranspiration Processes and the Meteorological Controlling Factors



Estimation of Potential Evapotranspiration Rates



Functional Dependence of PET and AET



Characteristics of PET



Near-Surface Environment



Models of Land-Surface Interactions



Remote Sensing of the Surface Energy Budget



Fire Weather Rating Systems


Notation


Suggested Reading List


References



Climate, Weather, and Area Burned




Introduction



Weather and Area Burned--Synoptic Surface Features



Weather and Area Burned--Upper Air Features



Teleconnections



Future Warming and Area Burned



Summary


References



Lightning and Forest Fires




Introduction



Lightning



Previous Studies of Lightning-Initiated Fire



Interaction between Lightning and Fuels



How Ignition Occurs



Ignition Experiments with Real Forest Fuels



Generating Models for Operational Use



Smoke, Lightning, and Cloud Microphysics



Global Implications of Lightning Ignition Characteristics



Conclusion


References



Statistical Inference for Historical Fire Frequency Using the Spatial Mosaic




Introduction



Graphical Analysis



Statistical Inference with Prespecified Change Points



The Efficiency of Sample vs. Map Data



Determining Epochs of Constant Fire Frequency


References



Duff Consumption




Introduction



Characteristics of Duff



Empirical Studies of Duff Consumption



Flaming Combustion



Smoldering Combustion and Pyrolysis



Models of Smoldering Combustion



Contribution of Smoldering Combustion Models to Understanding of Duff Consumption


Notation


References



Fire Effects on Trees




Introduction



Effects of Fire on the Tree Bole



Effects of Fire on Canopy Components



Root Necrosis



Tree Mortality



Discussion


Notation


Additional Readings


References



Forest Fire Management




Introduction



The Relationship between Fire and Forest Land Management Objectives



Assessing Fire Impacts



Forest Fire Management Organizations



Level of Fire Protection Planning



Some Challenges


Further Reading


References


Index