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| Introduction | |
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| Light and Sound | |
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| Light and Light Waves | |
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| Speed of Light | |
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| Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
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| Polarization | |
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| Reflection and Refraction | |
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| Specular Reflection of Light | |
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| Refraction of Light | |
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| Total Internal Reflection | |
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| Reflection and Refraction in Diamonds | |
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| The Rainbow | |
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| Questions | |
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| Lenses | |
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| The Prism | |
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| Converging and Diverging Lenses | |
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| Focal Length | |
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| Images-Real and Virtual | |
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| Three Easy Rays | |
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| The Lens Formula | |
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| Note on Magnification | |
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| Lens Aberrations | |
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| Chromatic Aberrations | |
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| Spherical Aberration | |
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| Questions | |
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| The Eye | |
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| Accommodation | |
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| Eyeglasses | |
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| Nearsighted Eye | |
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| Farsighted Eye | |
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| Astigmatic Eye | |
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| Photography | |
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| The Camera | |
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| Focusing the Camera | |
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| Choosing the Exposure Time | |
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| Choosing the Aperture | |
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| Depth of Field | |
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| Why the f Number? | |
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| The Film | |
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| Digital Photography | |
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| Putting it All Together: Taking a Photograph | |
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| Questions | |
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| Color and Color Vision | |
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| Color | |
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| Color Sensitivity of the Eye | |
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| Physical and Psychological Color | |
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| Color: Hue, Saturation, and Brightness | |
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| Light Interaction with other Objects | |
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| Scattering or Diffuse Reflection | |
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| Questions | |
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| Additive Color Mixing | |
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| Primary Colors | |
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| Adding Primary Colors | |
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| The Color Triangle | |
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| Low-Intensity Colors | |
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| Spectral Colors | |
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| Non-Spectral Colors | |
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| Summary | |
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| Additive Color Mixing in Painting | |
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| Questions | |
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| Subtractive Color Mixing | |
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| Filters | |
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| Subtractive Primary Colors | |
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| Subtractive primaries | |
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| Color Photography | |
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| Pigments | |
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| Change in Saturation | |
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| Why Do Blue and Yellow Make Green? | |
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| Change in Hue | |
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| Questions | |
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| Color-Generating Mechanisms | |
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| Illuminating Light | |
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| Pigments | |
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| Structural Color: Iridescence | |
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| More Color-Generating Mechanisms Due to Iridescence | |
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| Color in Gemstones | |
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| Mineral Color Due to Charge Transfer | |
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| Mineral Color Due to Color Centers | |
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| Color in Gems Due to Band Gap Absorption of Light | |
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| Periodic Oscillations | |
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| Displacement Graph: Position x Changes with Time t | |
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| The Period T and the Frequency f | |
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| Large and Small Numbers | |
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| Speed of Motion | |
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| Questions | |
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| Simple Harmonic Motion | |
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| The Spring Constant | |
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| Oscillation Frequency for Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) | |
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| Wave Shape of Simple Harmonic Motion | |
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| Phase Angle | |
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| Questions | |
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| Damped Oscillations and Resonance | |
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| Damped Oscillations-The Concept of "Damping Time" | |
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| Resonance | |
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| Build-up Decay of Musical Tones | |
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| Applications in Music | |
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| Resonators in Musical Instruments | |
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| Questions | |
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| Adding Sound Sources: Beats and Harmony | |
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| Principle of Superposition | |
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| Three Special Cases | |
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| Two Pure Tones of the Same Frequency | |
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| Beats | |
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| Harmony | |
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| For the Fun of It: Lissajous Figures | |
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| Questions | |
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| Sound Waves | |
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| Propagation of a Pulse | |
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| Longitudinal and Transverse Waves | |
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| Sound Waves in Air Are Longitudinal Waves | |
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| Speed of Sound in Air | |
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| Wavelength and Frequency | |
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| Relevance to Size of Instruments or Loudspeakers | |
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| Sound Propagation | |
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| Interference of Sound Waves | |
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| Concert Hall Acoustics | |
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| Questions | |
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| Sound Perception: Pitch, Loudness, and Timbre | |
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| Loudness and Amplitude | |
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| Loudness and Frequency | |
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| Pitch Discrimination | |
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| The Ear | |
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| The Parts of the Ear | |
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| Place Theory of Pitch Perception | |
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| What Do the Auditory Nerves Tell the Brain? | |
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| Vibration of Strings | |
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| Single Modes | |
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| Higher Modes | |
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| Traveling Versus Standing Waves | |
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| The Voicing Formula | |
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| How Do Modes Relate to Music? | |
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| Damping of Higher Partials | |
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| Plucked Strings: Missing Partials | |
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| Playing Harmonics | |
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| Real Strings Have Some Stiffness | |
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| Questions | |
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| Pipes | |
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| Pressure Pulse in a Pipe | |
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| Reflections in Open and Closed Pipes | |
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| Boundary Conditions | |
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| Standing Waves in Open Pipes | |
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| Fundamental Frequency of Open Pipe | |
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| Higher Modes of Open Pipe | |
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| Fundamental Mode of Closed Pipe | |
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| Higher Modes of Closed Pipe | |
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| Playing Tunes on Wind Instruments: Fingerholes and Overblowing | |
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| Other Shapes | |
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| Acoustic Length | |
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| Questions | |
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| Fourier Analysis | |
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| The Fourier Theorem | |
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| Sound Spectrum | |
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| Fourier Analyzer (Sound Analyzer) | |
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| Fourier Synthesis | |
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| Why Can't We Synthesize a Stradivari? | |
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| Questions | |
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| Musical Scales | |
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| Musical Intervals | |
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| Consonance (Harmony): Simple Number Ratios | |
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| The Major Triad | |
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| Constructing a Scale: The Just Scale | |
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| Whole and Half Tone Intervals | |
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| Names of Intervals | |
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| Transposing: Why Black Keys? | |
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| Perfection Sacrificed: The Tempered Scale | |
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| Major and Minor Scales | |
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| The Natural Scale | |
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| Questions | |
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| Musical Instruments | |
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| Structure of Musical Instruments | |
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| Excitation Mechanism | |
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| Playing a Tune | |
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| Questions | |
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| Solutions to Problems | |
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| Index | |