| |
| |
| Contributors | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Diagnosis of Autism before the Age of 3 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Is It Important to Identify Autism in Children Younger Than 3? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Autism in Very Young Children | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reliability of the Diagnosis of Autism in 2-Year-Olds | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Use of Current Autism Diagnostic Tools with Children Younger Than 3 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interview Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interactional Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Screening Tools | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Secretin in Autistic Spectrum Disorders | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hormone Levels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physiologic Role of Secretin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Behavioral Changes after Secretin Administration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hypotheses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Candidate Genes in Unraveling the Genetics of Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Genetic Studies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Candidate Genes based on the Autistic Phenotype | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary and Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Asperger's Disorder and Higher Functioning Autism: Same or Different? | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Development of Diagnostic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Validity of Asperger's Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| |
| Treatment Implications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Asperger's Syndrome and Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Discussion and Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| The Cognitive and Neural Basis of Autism: A Disorder of Complex Information Processing and Dysfunction of Neocortical Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Autism as a Familial Genetic Disorder | |
| |
| |
| |
| Autism as a Developmental Neurobiologic Disorder of Neuronal Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cognitive and Neurobiologic Basis of Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurobehavioral Models for Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evidence for Autism as a Selective Disorder of Complex Information Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Neural Basis of Cognition and Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Neural Plasticity, Joint Attention, and a Transactional Social-Orienting Model of Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| On the Social-Communication Disturbance in Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theory of Mind and Social-Communication Disturbance in Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Executive Functions and Social-Communication Disturbance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Joint Attention, Social Orienting, and Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuropsychology, Social Orienting, and Joint Attention | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neural Plasticity, Social Orienting, and Joint Attention | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing the Social Orienting Model of Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Theory of Mind and Autism: A Review | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mental-Physical Distinction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding of the Functions of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Appearance-Reality Distinction | |
| |
| |
| |
| First-Order False Belief Tasks | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Seeing Leads to Knowing" Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Recognizing Mental State Words | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Production of the Same Range of Mental State Words in Spontaneous Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of the Production of Spontaneous Pretend Play | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Understanding More Complex Causes of Emotion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Inferring from Gaze-Direction When a Person Is Thinking or What a Person Might Want | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Being Able to Monitor One's Own Intentions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Deception | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Understanding Metaphor, Sarcasm, Jokes, and Irony | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Pragmatics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of Imagination | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correlation with Real-Life Social Skills | |
| |
| |
| |
| Second-Order False Belief Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specificity Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Language and Communicative Impairments in Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Psycholinguistic Perspective on Language in Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relating Language and Communication to Social Deficits in Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Future Directions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Early Intervention in Autism: Joint Attention and Symbolic Play | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Autism's Core Deficits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interventions in Joint Attention and Symbolic Play | |
| |
| |
| |
| UCLA Experimental Manipulation of Joint Attention and Symbolic Play | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Attachment and Emotional Responsiveness in Children with Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attachment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emotional Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions and Recommendation | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Families of Adolescents and Adults with Autism: Uncharted Territory | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition of Autistic Disorder | |
| |
| |
| |
| Related Risk Factors in Families of Persons with Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Research on the Effects of Autism on the Family | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Manifestation of Autism in Adulthood and the Role of the Family | |
| |
| |
| |
| Uncharted Territory: Pilot Study on Families of Adults with Autism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary and Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |