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| Foreword | |
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| General Overview | |
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| Physics of Silicon at Cryogenic Temperatures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Energy Distribution and Charge Carriers | |
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| Semiconductor Surface-Related Phenomena | |
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| Charge Ionization | |
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| Thermal Properties and Electrothermal Effects | |
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| Optical Properties | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Silicon Devices and Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Bulk MOS Transistor | |
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| The Silicon-on-Insulator MOS Transistor | |
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| The Bipolar Transistor | |
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| Radiation Detectors | |
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| Circuits | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Reliability Aspects of Cryogenic Silicon Technologies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| High Electrical Field Transport Phenomena in Si at Cryogenic Temperatures | |
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| Avalanche and Breakdown Effects in Si Resistors and Bipolar Devices at Low Temperature | |
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| Avalanche and Breakdown Phenomena in Cryogenic MOSFETs | |
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| Hot Carrier Degradation and Reliability at Low Temperatures | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Radiation Effects and Low-Frequency Noise in Silicon Technologies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Radiation Effects at Low Temperature | |
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| Low-Frequency Noise at Cryogenic Temperatures | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Heterostructure and Compound Semiconductor Devices | |
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| Introduction | |
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| GaAs Field-Effect Transistors | |
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| High Electron Mobility Transistors | |
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| Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors | |
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| Resonant Tunneling Diodes | |
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| Circuits and Applications | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| References | |
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| Compound Heterostructure Semiconductor Lasers and Photodetectors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Compound Semiconductor Lasers | |
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| InP/InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes | |
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| Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors | |
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| PIN and Other Photodetectors and Cryogenic Application Systems | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| References | |
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| High-Temperature Superconductor/Semiconductor Hybrid Microwave Devices and Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| High-Temperature Superconducting Films: Fabrication and Characterization | |
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| Filters | |
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| Antennas | |
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| Oscillators | |
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| Hybrid Superconductor/Semiconductor Receiver Front Ends | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Cryocooling and Thermal Management | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Obtainment of Cryogenic Liquids | |
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| Fundamentals of Cryogenic Processes | |
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| Basic Cooling Methods | |
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| Thermoelectronic Cooling | |
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| Generation of Ultralow Cryogenic Temperatures | |
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| Cryostats | |
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| Thermal Management | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Applications, Trends, and Perspectives | |
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| Index | |