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| Preface | |
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| An Introduction to the Fishes | |
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| Ichthyologists and What They Do | |
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| A History of Ichthyology | |
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| Diversification of Ichthyological Research | |
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| Methods in Fish Biology | |
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| Origins of Fishes | |
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| Fishes-The First Vertebrates | |
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| Origins of Vertebrates | |
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| Major Groups of Living Fishes | |
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| The Architecture of Fishes | |
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| Environmental Constraints on the Design of Fishes | |
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| General Body Form and Fins | |
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| Skin and Scales | |
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| Internal Support: The Skeletal System | |
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| Skeletal Muscle | |
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| General Relationships of Internal Organs | |
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| The Diversity of Fishes | |
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| Evolution and Systematics | |
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| Foundations of Evolutionary Theory | |
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| Processes of Selection | |
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| Systematic Studies: Tracing Evolutionary Histories | |
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| An Integrated Approach to Understanding Evolution | |
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| Jawless Fishes: Early Vertebrate Experiments and Descendant Forms | |
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| The First Fishes: Relationships of Modern and Extinct Forms | |
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| The Hagfishes and Lampreys: A Monophyletic Group? | |
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| The "Ostracoderm" Fishes: Proto-Gnathostomes? | |
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| The Gnathostomes: Fishes with Jaws | |
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| Origin of the Jaws | |
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| Gnathostomes at the Silurian/Ordovician Transition | |
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| Class Chondrichthyes (Elasmoranchiomorphi) | |
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| The Bony Fishes (Teleostomi): Acanthodians and Sarcopterygians | |
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| Introduction to the Teleostomi | |
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| Class Acanthodii | |
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| Class Sarcopterygii: Lobe-Finned Fishes and the Tetrapods | |
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| The Origins of Tetrapods | |
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| Introduction to the Actinopterygian Fishes: Origins and Modern Diversity | |
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| Adaptations of the Actinopterygians | |
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| Origins of the Actinopterygii | |
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| Class Actinopterygii | |
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| Teleostean Fishes: Early Members of the Most Diverse Assemblage of Fishes | |
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| What Are the Teleosts? | |
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| Division Teleostei: Identifying Features | |
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| Extinct Primitive Teleosts | |
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| Diversity of Living Teleosts | |
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| The Ostariophysi: Masters of the Freshwater Domain | |
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| Ostariophysi as a Sister Group of the Clupeomorpha? | |
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| Superorder Ostariophysi | |
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| The Euteleostei: Argentiniform and Salmoniform Fishes | |
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| Classification of the Euteleostei | |
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| Faster and Deeper: Esociformes and Some Basal Neoteleosts (Stomiiformes, Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, Lampridiformes, and Polymixiiformes) | |
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| Straddling the Neoteleostean Fence | |
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| Esociformes: Sister Group of the Neoteleosts | |
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| Neoteleostei | |
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| Acanthomorph Fishes | |
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| The Paracanthopterygii: Cods, Toadfishes, and Other Bottom-Dwelling Teleosts | |
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| Paracanthopterygians at a Glance | |
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| Superorder Paracanthopterygii | |
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| Acanthopterygian Fishes: Stephanoberyciformes, Zeiformes, and Beryciformes-Possibly Percomorphs, Possibly Not | |
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| Introducing the Acanthopterygians | |
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| Percomorph Fishes | |
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| More Acanthopterygians: The Synbranchiformes, Elassoma, Gasterosteiformes, Mugilomorpha, and Atherinomorpha | |
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| The Smegmamorpha: Housecleaning among the Percomorphs, or Just a Spurious Notion? | |
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| Series Mugilomorpha | |
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| Series Atherinomorpha | |
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| Perciform Fishes: Perches and a Whole Lot More | |
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| The Perciformes: An Embarrassment of Riches | |
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| The Spiny and the Strange: Scorpaenoid, Pleuronectiform, and Tetraodontiform Fishes | |
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| The Scorpaenoidei: Welcome to the Perciformes-Again | |
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| The Most Highly Derived Teleosts? | |
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| Form and Function | |
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| The Integument of Fishes: Skin, Scales, and Associated Structures | |
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| Integumentary Composition and Embryonic Origins | |
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| Hydrodynamics of Fishes | |
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| Color | |
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| Bioluminescence | |
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| Venomous Fishes | |
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| Muscles, Locomotion, and Buoyancy | |
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| Musculoskeletal System | |
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| Modes of Locomotion | |
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| The Swim Bladder and the Regulation of Buoyancy | |
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| Adaptation to the External Environment | |
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| The Sensory Arsenal of Fishes I: Vision | |
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| Integrating Sensory Biology with the Ecology and Behavior of Fishes | |
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| General Morphology of Fish Eyes | |
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| Structure and Function of Fish Visual Systems | |
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| Visual Adaptation in the Lives of Fishes | |
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| The Sensory Arsenal of Fishes II: Systems for the Detection and Production of Auditory, Mechanical, and Electrical Stimuli | |
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| Structure of Auditory, Mechanosensory, and Electrosensory Systems | |
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| Function of Auditory, Mechanosensory, and Electrosensory Systems | |
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| Production of Electricity | |
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| Sound Production in Fishes | |
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| The Sensory Arsenal of Fishes III: Olfaction, Taste, and Other Chemical Senses | |
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| Chemosensation in Fishes | |
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| Olfaction | |
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| Taste | |
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| Other Chemosensory Receptors | |
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| Coda: Relating Sensory Adaptations to the Environment | |
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| Homeostatic Mechanisms | |
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| Use and Acquisition of Food | |
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| Metabolism and Growth | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| The Alimentary Canal: Anatomical Features | |
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| Foraging Activity and Feeding in Fishes | |
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| Functional Morphology of the Feeding Apparatus | |
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| Digestion | |
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| Circulation and Gas Exchange | |
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| Architecture of the Gills | |
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| Gills as Gas Exchange Surfaces | |
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| Extrabranchial and Aerial Oxygen Uptake | |
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| Circulation | |
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| The Blood of Fishes | |
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| Osmotic and Solute Regulation | |
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| Osmoregulation | |
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| The Urinary System | |
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| Evolutionary Considerations | |
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| Nervous and Endocrine Systems | |
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| The Central and Peripheral Nervous System | |
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| The Endocrine System | |
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| Neurosecretory Cells | |
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| Evolutionary and Environmental Considerations | |
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| Generations of Fishes | |
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| Reproduction and Development | |
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| Anatomy of the Reproductive System | |
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| Function and Reproductive Patterns | |
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| Embryonic and Early Development in Fishes | |
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| The Genetics of Fishes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fundamental Concepts | |
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| Chromosomes | |
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| Sex Determination | |
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| Quantitative Genetics | |
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| Genetics and Phylogenetics | |
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| Evolution, Conservation, and Management | |
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| Recent Directions | |
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| Interactions of Fishes with Their Environment | |
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| The Distribution of Fishes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Geology and Fish Distribution | |
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| Distribution of Freshwater or Inland Fishes | |
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| Distribution of Marine Fishes | |
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| Ecology of Fishes I: An Introduction to Some Basic Ecological Concepts | |
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| Understanding Ecology | |
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| Methods of Ecological Study | |
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| The Abiotic Environment of Fishes | |
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| The Biotic Environment of Fishes | |
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| Structure and Continuity in Ecological Systems | |
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| Looking at the Big Picture: Landscape Ecology, Metapopulations, and Macroecology | |
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| Ecology of Fishes II: Freshwater Fishes in Flowing Waters | |
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| Water-Abundant and Essential | |
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| Stream Environments in Temperate Zones | |
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| Tropical Rivers and Streams | |
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| Energetics and Trophic Structure of Riverine Food Webs | |
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| The Landscape Connection | |
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| Ecology of Fishes III: Freshwater Fishes in Still Waters | |
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| Environmental Features of Lentic Systems | |
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| Fish Assemblages of Lentic Waters | |
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| Trophic Adaptations | |
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| Optimal Foraging Theory | |
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| Hypogean Systems: An Unusual Aquatic Habitat | |
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| Inland Saline Waters and Associated Fish Assemblages | |
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| Ecology of Fishes IV: Coastal Marine Environments: The Continental Shelf | |
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| Introduction to the Marine Realm | |
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| Coastal Marine Environments | |
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| Ecology of Fishes V: Coastal Marine Environments: Beaches, Estuaries, and Rocky Intertidal Shores | |
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| The Nearshore Environment | |
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| Protected Inshore Environments: Bays and Estuaries | |
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| Exposed Inshore Environments: Surf Zones of Sandy Beaches and Rocky Shores | |
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| Seasonal Variation in Coastal Fish Assemblages | |
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| Ecology of Fishes VI: The Pelagic and Benthic Realm Beyond the Continental Shelf; Polar Environments | |
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| Large Marine Ecosystems | |
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| The Open-Water Pelagic Realm | |
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| The Bathypelagic Realm and Beyond | |
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| Marine Fishes of Polar Environments | |
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| Behavior I: Getting Along in the Physical World | |
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| Behaviro: The Ichthyological Perspective | |
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| Locomotor Responses to Stimuli | |
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| Homing and Migration | |
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| Behavior II: Feeding, Fooling Around, and Finding Your Friends: The Social World of Fishes | |
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| Feeding Behavior of Individuals | |
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| Fish with Other Fish: Social Interactions | |
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| Reproductive and Parental Behavior | |
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| Shoals and Schools | |
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| Symbiosis | |
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| Learning in Fishes | |
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| Fishes and Humanity | |
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| Parasites and Diseases of Fishes | |
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| Parasites as Extremely Symbiotic Creatures | |
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| Evolution of Parasitic Forms and Life Histories | |
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| Survey of Parasitic Organisms and the Diseases They Cause | |
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| Impact of Parasites on Evolution and Adaptation of Host Species | |
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| Nonparasitic Fish Diseases | |
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| Fishes as Carriers of Human Parasites and Diseases | |
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| Toxic Fishes | |
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| Fishes and Fishery Resources: Their Use and Conservation | |
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| The Value of Fishes | |
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| Fishery Resources | |
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| Freshwater and Anadromous Fisheries | |
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| Marine Fisheries | |
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| The Science and Technology of Fisheries | |
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| Scientific Management of Fisheries | |
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| Recreational Fisheries | |
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| The Ornamental Fish Trade | |
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| Aquaculture | |
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| Conservation of Habitat and Biodiversity | |
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| Are There Fish in Our Future? | |
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| Greek and Latin Word Roots and Terms | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Systematic Index | |