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| Preface | |
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| The Roots of DNA Research | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Inheritance Factors | |
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| Chromosomes and Factors | |
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| Genes and DNA | |
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| Relating DNA to Heredity | |
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| Bacterial Transformations | |
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| The Hershey-Chase Experiment | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Double Helix | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Structure of DNA | |
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| The Components of DNA | |
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| DNA in Three Dimensions | |
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| DNA Replication | |
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| Summary | |
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| DNA in Action | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Foundation Studies | |
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| The One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis | |
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| Proteins and Codes | |
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| The Intermediary | |
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| The Genetic Code | |
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| Protein Synthesis | |
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| Transcription | |
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| Translation | |
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| Gene Control | |
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| Gene Complexity | |
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| Summary | |
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| Foundations of DNA Technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Tools of Genetic Engineering | |
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| The Organisms | |
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| Microbial Recombinations | |
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| Restriction Enzymes | |
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| Ligases | |
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| Plasmids | |
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| Recombinant DNA Experiments | |
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| The Safety Issue | |
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| The Future | |
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| Summary | |
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| Methods of DNA Technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Biochemistry of Gene Expression | |
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| Obtaining the Gene | |
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| Selecting the Vector | |
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| Selecting the Host Cell | |
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| Expressing the Gene | |
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| Collecting the Gene Product | |
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| Gene Libraries | |
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| Establishing a Library | |
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| Screening the Gene Library | |
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| The cDNA Library | |
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| Summary | |
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| Pharmaceutical Products of DNA Technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Human Protein Replacements | |
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| Insulin | |
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| Human Growth Hormone | |
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| Factor VIII | |
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| Human Therapies | |
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| Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) | |
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| Interferon | |
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| Antisense Molecules | |
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| Other Innovative Pharmaceuticals | |
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| Vaccines | |
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| Hepatitis B | |
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| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | |
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| Other Traditional Vaccines | |
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| DNA Vacines | |
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| Summary | |
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| DNA Analysis and Diagnosis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Methods of DNA Analysis | |
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| DNA Probes | |
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| The Polymerase Chain Reaction | |
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| Signal Amplification | |
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| The DNA Chip | |
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| RFLP Analysis | |
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| Diagnosing Infectious Disease | |
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| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | |
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| Tuberculosis | |
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| Lyme Disease | |
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| Human Papilloma and Other Diseases | |
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| Identifying Genetic Disease | |
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| Cystic Fibrosis | |
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| Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy | |
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| Huntington's Disease | |
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| Fragile X Syndrome | |
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| Triple Repeat Disease | |
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| Retinoblastoma | |
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| Alzheimer's Disease | |
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| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | |
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| Diabetes | |
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| Cancer | |
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| Obesity | |
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| Hearing and Vision Loss | |
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| Other Human Diseases | |
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| Gene Banking | |
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| Environmental Monitoring | |
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| Summary | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vectors in Gene Therapy | |
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| Advances in Gene Therapy | |
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| The ADA Experiments | |
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| Cancer Therapy with Genes | |
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| Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis | |
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| Therapy for AIDS | |
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| Other Endeavors | |
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| Safety Assurance | |
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| The Future | |
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| Summary | |
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| Medical Forensics and DNA Sleuthing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| DNA Matching Techniques | |
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| DNA Fingerprinting | |
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| Genetic Identifications | |
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| Microbial Identifications | |
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| DNA Windows to the Past | |
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| Ancient and Specimen DNA | |
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| Mitochondrial and Human Origins | |
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| Disputing the Neanderthal Connection | |
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| The First Americans | |
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| Other Studies of Anthropology | |
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| Abe Lincoln's DNA | |
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| Miscellaneous DNA Searches | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Agricultural Revolution | |
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| Introduction | |
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| DNA Insertion Methods | |
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| The Nitrogen Connection | |
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| Enhancing Resistance in Plants | |
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| The Ice-Minus Experiments | |
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| Resistance to Biological Agents | |
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| Resistance to Herbicides | |
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| Bioengineered Foods | |
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| The Flavr Savr Tomato | |
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| Other Innovative Foods | |
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| Vegetable Vaccines | |
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| "Pharm Animals" | |
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| Summary | |
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| Transgenic Animals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Placing DNA in Mammalian Cells | |
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| Custom-Made Animals | |
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| The Human Mouse | |
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| The Oncomouse | |
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| The Alzheimer's Mouse | |
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| The Knockout Mouse | |
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| Animal Bioreactors | |
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| Human Hemoglobin from Pigs | |
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| Other Transgenic Animal Products | |
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| Other Bioreactors | |
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| "Dolly" and the Transgenic Clones | |
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| Building a Better Animal | |
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| Increasing Animal Resistance | |
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| Environmental Replacements | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Human Genome Project | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Deciphering the Human Genome | |
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| Origin of the Project | |
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| Whose Genome? | |
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| Whose Money? | |
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| Gene Patents | |
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| Mapping the Human Genome | |
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| The Gene Linkage Map | |
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| The Physical Map | |
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| Sequencing the Genome | |
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| Completed Genomes | |
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| The Study of Genomes | |
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| The Future of Genome Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |