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| Preface | |
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| Principles | |
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| The Process of Human Communication | |
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| The Importance of Human Communication | |
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| Techno-Etiquette | |
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| What Is Human Communication? | |
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| A Model of Human Communication | |
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| Communicator 1: Sender/Receiver | |
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| Communicator 2: Receiver/Sender | |
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| Feedback | |
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| Time | |
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| Communication Contexts | |
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| Interpersonal Communication | |
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| Intercultural Communication | |
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| Interviewing | |
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| Small-Group Communication | |
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| Public Communication | |
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| Organizational Communication | |
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| Mass Communication | |
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| Communication Technologies | |
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| Communication Ethics | |
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| What Is Effective Communication? | |
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| Understanding | |
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| Pleasure | |
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| Attitude Influence | |
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| Improved Relationships | |
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| Action | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Person Perception | |
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| Perceiving People and Objects: A Comparison | |
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| Two Kinds of Filters | |
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| Selective Perception, Organization, and Interpretation | |
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| Forming Impressions | |
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| Looking at Yourself | |
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| Self-Concept East and West: Who Are You? | |
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| Looking at Others | |
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| Empathy and the Empathy Quotient | |
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| Social Roles | |
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| Some Variables Involved in Accurate Perception | |
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| Improving Perception and Communication | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Verbal Message | |
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| Words and Meaning | |
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| Symbols and Referents | |
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| Denotation and Connotation | |
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| Private and Shared Meanings | |
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| A Word about Semantics | |
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| Language and Thought | |
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| The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | |
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| Language Problems | |
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| Culture as Our Frame of Reference | |
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| Words in Action | |
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| Sexist Language | |
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| Male and Female Language Use | |
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| Powerful and Powerless Language | |
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| Metacommunication | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Nonverbal Message | |
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| Interpreting Nonverbal Messages | |
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| Nonverbal Messages | |
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| The Verbal/Nonverbal Split in Meaning | |
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| Nonverbal Information | |
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| The Story of Clever Hans | |
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| Verbal/Nonverbal Interaction | |
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| Spatial and Temporal Cues | |
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| Power and Dominance: Some Nonverbal Cues | |
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| Space | |
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| Time | |
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| Visual Cues | |
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| Facial Expression | |
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| Oculesics | |
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| Body Movements | |
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| Hand Gestures | |
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| Haptics | |
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| Physical Appearance and the Use of Objects | |
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| Vocal Cues | |
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| Volume | |
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| Rate and Fluency | |
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| Pitch | |
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| Quality | |
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| Deception | |
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| Clusters to Watch for When People Lie | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Listening | |
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| Why Listen? | |
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| Importance of Listening | |
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| Listening: The Forgotten Skill | |
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| What Is Meant By Listening? | |
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| Hearing | |
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| Understanding | |
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| Remembering | |
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| Interpreting | |
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| Evaluating | |
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| Responding | |
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| Types of Listening | |
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| Pleasurable Listening | |
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| Discriminative Listening | |
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| Critical Listening | |
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| Empathic Listening | |
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| How to Improve Listening | |
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| Listen Effectively | |
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| Pay Attention | |
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| Listen for Main Points or Ideas | |
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| Use Your Spare Time | |
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| Aerobic Listening | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Listening Test | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Conflict and Negotiation | |
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| Conflict | |
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| Principled Negotiation | |
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| Levels of Conflict | |
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| Stages of Conflict | |
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| Latent Conflict and Emergence | |
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| Escalation and Resolution | |
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| Conflict Resolution | |
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| Conflict Management Skills | |
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| Negotiation | |
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| Fairness | |
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| Negotiation: The Wish, Want, Walk Method | |
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| Six-Step Model | |
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| Negotiation Strategy and Tactics | |
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| Negotiation Tips | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Ethics and Communication | |
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| Ethics at Penn State | |
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| Principles | |
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| The Golden Mean | |
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| The Categorical Imperative | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Justice and the Veil of Ignorance | |
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| Issues | |
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| Lying and Misrepresentation | |
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| Secrets, Disclosures, and Privacy | |
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| Does Academic Freedom Have Limits? | |
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| Ethics in Shopping | |
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| Whistleblowing | |
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| Leaks | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Relationships in Process | |
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| Bases of Human Attraction | |
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| Proximity | |
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| Similarity | |
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| Situations | |
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| Defining Characteristics of Relationships | |
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| Context | |
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| Time | |
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| Trust | |
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| Theories of Relationship Development | |
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| A Theory on the Life Cycle of Relationships | |
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| A Theory of Relationship Dissolution | |
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| Maintaining Relationships | |
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| Family Communication | |
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| Relationships-How to Listen to Your Children | |
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| Communication Rules | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Contexts | |
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| Interpersonal Communication | |
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| The Social Setting | |
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| The Marriage Killer | |
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| Norms | |
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| Roles | |
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| Introverts and Extroverts | |
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| Assessing the Quality of an Interpersonal Relationship | |
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| Self-Disclosure | |
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| Affiliation and Commitment | |
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| Dominance, Status, and Power | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Intercultural Communication | |
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| A Definition of Culture | |
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| America's Changing Culture | |
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| Culture as Learned | |
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| Distinctions among Cultures | |
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| Three Approaches to Studying Culture | |
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| Some Dimensions of Cultural Difference | |
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| Individualism-Collectivism | |
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| What's Your Cultural Orientation? | |
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| High-and Low-Context Cultures | |
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| Power Distance | |
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| Masculinity-Femininity | |
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| Uncertainty Avoidance | |
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| Intercultural Communication: Principles and Problems | |
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| Verbal Messages | |
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| Nonverbal Messages | |
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| Relationships: Norms and Roles | |
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| Beliefs and Values | |
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| The Value of Beauty across Cultures | |
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| Toward Greater Intercultural Understanding and Tolerance | |
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| Surviving Culture Shock | |
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| Ethnocentrism | |
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| Stereotyping | |
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| Some Guidelines for Critical Viewers of Film and Television | |
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| Promoting Greater Tolerance and Harmony | |
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| Effects of Intercultural Communication | |
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| Effects on the Individual | |
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| Cultural Effects | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Interviewing | |
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| Defining "Interview" | |
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| The Job Interview | |
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| Strategic Interviewing | |
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| Standardized and Unstandardized Interviews | |
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| Interviewing: Conversation with a Purpose | |
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| Types of Interview Questions | |
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| Open versus Closed Questions | |
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| Primary versus Probing Questions | |
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| Leading versus Neutral Questions | |
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| The Loaded Questions | |
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| Suspect Questions and How to Handle Them | |
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| Types of Inadequate Responses | |
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| No Answer | |
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| Partial Answer | |
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| Irrelevant Answer | |
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| Inaccurate Answer | |
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| Oververbalized Answer | |
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| Interview Structure | |
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| Opening of the Interview | |
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| Body of the Interview | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Nondirective Interview Technique | |
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| Helpful Hints | |
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| The Interviewee | |
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| The Interviewer | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Small-Group Communication | |
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| Types of Small Groups | |
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| Group Dynamics | |
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| Conformity Pressure | |
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| Social Influence | |
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| The Quality of Group Problem Solving | |
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| The Role of a Group Member | |
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| Cohesiveness | |
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| Phases of Group Development | |
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| Group Structure | |
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| Group Size | |
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| Communication Networks | |
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| Virtual Groups | |
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| Leadership | |
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| Correlates of Effective Groups | |
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| Idea Development and Problem Solving | |
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| The Value of Work Teams | |
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| Constructive Conflict | |
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| Patterns of Decision Making | |
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| Testing the Group's Effectiveness | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Public Communication | |
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| Quick Start | |
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| A Definition | |
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| The Speaker | |
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| Source Credibility | |
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| Dimensions of Credibility | |
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| Delivery | |
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| Handling Stage Fright | |
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| The Audience | |
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| Audience Analysis | |
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| Listener Persuasibility | |
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| Presentation Zen | |
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| The Message | |
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| Organization | |
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| Materials of Support | |
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| Visual Aids | |
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| Language | |
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| Economy of Language | |
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| Humor and Satire | |
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| Appeals to Fear | |
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| How Much Change to Attempt | |
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| One Side or Two Sides? | |
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| Climax Order or Anticlimax Order? | |
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| Stated or Implied Conclusions? | |
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| Speak First or Have the Last Say? | |
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| Presentation Rubric | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Organizational Communication | |
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| Organizational Culture | |
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| Importance of Communication | |
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| Supervisory Communication | |
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| How to Develop Trust | |
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| Downward Communication | |
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| Upward Communication | |
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| Managing Your E-Mail | |
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| Horizontal Communication | |
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| Communication and Organizational Change | |
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| Informal Communication | |
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| Dealing with Office Politics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Mass Communication and the New Technologies | |
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| A First Definition | |
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| Mediated Encounters | |
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| The Audience | |
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| The Communication Experience | |
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| The Source of Communication | |
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| Media Consolidation and the News | |
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| Feedback | |
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| The Process of Mass Communication | |
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| The Gatekeeper | |
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| Message Flow | |
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| The Active Audience | |
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| Some Guidelines for Critical Viewers of Media Interviews | |
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| Some Effects and Outcomes | |
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| The Diffusion of Information | |
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| Attitude Influence | |
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| Political Satire, News, and Spin | |
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| Issues of Importance and How We Think about Them | |
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| Advertising and Public Relations | |
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| Implications of the New Communication Technologies | |
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| The Convergence of Computing, Telecommunications, and Media | |
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| Computer-Mediated Communication | |
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| The Shallows | |
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| The New Alternative Media | |
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| Effects on Interpersonal Communication | |
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| Prospects for a Global Human Community | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Credits | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |