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| Scientific Understanding of Behavior | |
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| Uses of Research Methods | |
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| The Scientific Approach | |
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| Goals of Science | |
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| Basic and Applied Research | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Where to Start | |
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| Hypotheses and Predictions? | |
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| Who We Study: A Note on Terminology | |
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| Source of Ideas | |
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| Library Research | |
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| anatomy of a Research Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Ethical Research | |
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| milgram's Obedience Experiment | |
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| The Belmont Report | |
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| Assessment of Risks and Benefits | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| The Importance of Debriefing | |
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| Alternatives to Deception | |
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| Justice and the Selection of Participants | |
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| Researcher Commitments | |
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| Federal Regulations and the Institutional Review Board | |
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| APA Ethics Code | |
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| Research with Human Participants | |
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| Ethics and Animal Research | |
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| Risks and Benefits Revisited | |
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| Misrepresentation: Fraud and Plagiarism | |
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| Ethical Issues: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Studying Behavior | |
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| Validity: An Introduction | |
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| Variables | |
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| Operational Definitions of Variables | |
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| Relationships Between Variables | |
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| Nonexperimental Versus Experimental Methods | |
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| Independent and Dependent Variables | |
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| Internal Validity: Inferring Causality | |
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| External Validity | |
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| Choosing a Method | |
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| Evaluating Research: Summary of the Three Validities | |
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| Studying Behavior: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Measurement Concepts | |
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| Reliability of Measures | |
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| Construct Validity of Measures | |
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| Research on Personality and Individual Differences | |
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| Reactivity of Measures | |
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| Variables and Measurement Scales | |
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| Measurement Concepts: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Observational Methods | |
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| Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches | |
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| Naturalistic Observation | |
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| Systematic Observation | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Archival Research | |
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| Observational Methods: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions Answers | |
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| Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research | |
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| Why Conduct Surveys? | |
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| Constructing Questions to Ask | |
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| Responses to Questions | |
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| Finalizing the Questionnaire | |
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| Administering Surveys | |
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| Survey Designs to Study Changes Over Time | |
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| Sampling From a Population | |
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| Sampling Techniques | |
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| Evaluating Samples | |
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| Reasons for Using Convenience Samples | |
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| Survey Research: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Experimental Design | |
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| Confounding and Internal Validity | |
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| Basic Experiments | |
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| Assigning Participants to Experimental Conditions | |
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| Independent Groups Design | |
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| Repeated Measures Design | |
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| Matched Pairs Design | |
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| Experimental Design: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Conducting Experiments | |
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| Selecting Research Participants | |
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| Manipulating the Independent Variable | |
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| Measuring the Dependent Variable | |
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| Additional Controls | |
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| Additional Considerations | |
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| Analyzing and Interpreting Results | |
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| Communicating Research to Others | |
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| Conducting Experiments: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Complex Experimental Designs | |
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| Increasing the Number of Levels of an Independent Variable | |
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| Increasing the Number of Independent Variables: Factorial Designs | |
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| Illustrative Article: Complex Experimental Designs | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Quasi-Experimental and Single-Participant Designs | |
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| Single Case Experimental Designs | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Quasi-Experimental Designs | |
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| Developmental Research Designs | |
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| Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation | |
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| Scales of Measurement: A Review | |
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| Analyzing the Results of Research Investigations | |
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| Frequency Distributions | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Graphing Relationships | |
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| Correlation Coefficients: Describing the Strength of | |
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| Relationships | |
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| Effect Size | |
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| Regression Equations | |
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| Multiple Correlation / Regression | |
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| Partial Correlation and the Third-Variable Problem | |
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| Structural Equation Modeling | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference | |
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| Samples and Populations | |
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| Inferential Statistics | |
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| Null and Research Hypotheses | |
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| Probability and Sampling Distributions | |
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| Example: The T and F Tests | |
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| Type I and Type Ii Errors | |
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| Choosing a Significance Level | |
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| Interpreting Nonsignificant Results | |
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| Choosing a Sample Size: Power Analysis | |
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| The Importance of Replications | |
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| Significance of a Pearson R Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Computer Analysis of Data | |
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| Selecting the Appropriate Statistical Test | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Generalizing Results | |
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| Generalizing to Other Populations of Research | |
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| Participants | |
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| Cultural Considerations | |
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| Generalizing to Other Experimenters | |
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| Pretests and Generalization | |
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| Generalizing from Laboratory Settings | |
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| The Importance of Replications | |
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| Evaluating Generalizations Via Literature Reviews and | |
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| Meta-Analyses | |
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| Using Research to Improve Lives | |
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| Generalizing Results: Illustrative Article | |
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| Study Terms | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Activity Questions | |
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| Writing Research Reports | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Writing Style | |
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| Organization of the Report | |
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| The Use of Headings | |
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| Citing and Referencing Sources | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Some Grammatical Considerations | |
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| Reporting Numbers and Statistics | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Paper and Poster Presentations | |
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| Sample Paper | |
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| Statistical Tests | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Statistical Significance and Effect Size | |
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| Appendix C: Statistical Tables | |
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| Critical Values of Chi-Square | |
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| Critical Values of T | |
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| Critical Values of F | |
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| Critical Values of R (Pearson Product-Moment | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |