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| Introduction to Critical Thinking | |
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| What Is Critical Thinking? | |
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| Critical Thinking | |
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| Standards The Benefits of Critical Thinking | |
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| Barriers to Critical Thinking | |
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| Characteristics of a Critical Thinker | |
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| Recognizing Arguments | |
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| What Is an Argument? | |
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| Identifying Premises and Conclusions What Is Not an Argument? | |
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| Basic Logical Concepts Deduction and Induction | |
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| How Can We Tell Whether an Argument is Deductive or Inductive? | |
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| Common Patterns of Deductive | |
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| Reasoning Common Patterns of Inductive Reasoning | |
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| Deductive Validity | |
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| Inductive Strength | |
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| Language Finding the Right Words: The Need for Precision The Importance of Precise Definitions Emotive Language: Slanting the Truth Euphemisms and Political Correctness | |
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| Logical Fallacies-1 | |
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| The Concept of Relevance Fallacies of Relevance | |
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| Logical Fallacies-2 | |
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| Fallacies of Insufficient Evidence | |
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| Analyzing Arguments | |
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| Diagramming Short Arguments | |
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| Summarizing Longer Arguments | |
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| Evaluating Arguments | |
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| When Is an Argument a Good One? | |
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| When Is It Reasonable to Accept a Premise? | |
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| Appendix: Sample Critical Essay | |
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| A Little Categorical Logic Categorical Statements | |
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| Translating into Standard Categorical | |
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| Form Categorical Syllogisms | |
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| A Little Propositional Logic Conjunction | |
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| Conjunction and Validity Negation | |
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| Deeper Analysis of Negation and Conjunction | |
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| Disjunction Conditional Statements | |
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| Inductive Reasoning | |
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| Introduction to Induction Inductive | |
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| Generalizations Statistical Arguments | |
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| Induction and Analogy Induction and Causal | |
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| Arguments A Few Words about Probability | |
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| Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources Finding Sources | |
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| Evaluating Sources Taking Notes Using Sources | |
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| Writing Argumentative Essays Writing a Successful Argument | |
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| Before you Write Writing the First Draft After the First Draft | |
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| Thinking Critically about the Media | |
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| The Mass Media | |
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| The News Media Getting Us to Pay Attention: What Really | |
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| Drives the Media Keeping Our Interest: The News as Entertainment Media Literacy Advertising | |
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| Science and Pseudoscience | |
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| The Basic Pattern of Scientific Reasoning | |
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| The Limitations of Science How to Distinguish Science from Pseudoscience | |
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| Two Case Studies in Pseudoscience and the Paranormal | |
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| Notes | |
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| Answers to Selected Exercises | |
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| Credits Glossary | |
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| Index | |