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Preface | |
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Critical Reading and Analysis | |
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Writers and Their Sources | |
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Reading, Writing, and the Contexts of Argument | |
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Responses to Sources | |
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"The Gettysburg Address" | |
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The Response to Content | |
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The Analytic Response | |
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The Judgment or Evaluation Response | |
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The Research Response | |
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"Who Does the Talking Here?" | |
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Active Reading: Use Your Mind! | |
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Guidelines for Active Reading | |
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"Political Ads and the Voters They Attract" | |
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Understanding Your Sources | |
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Writing Summaries | |
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Guidelines for Writing Summaries | |
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Acknowledging Sources Informally | |
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References to People | |
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References to Sources | |
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"The Future Is Now" | |
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Presenting Direct Quotations: a Guide for Form and Style | |
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Reasons for Using Quotation Marks | |
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A Brief Guide to Quoting | |
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For Reading and Analysis | |
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"Turning the Page" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Responding Critically to Sources | |
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Traits of the Critical Reader/Thinker | |
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Examining the Rhetorical Context of a Source | |
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Who is the Author? | |
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What type of source-or genre-is it? | |
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What Is the Author's Primary Purpose? | |
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What Are the Author's Sources of Information? | |
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Analyzing the Style of a Source | |
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Denotative and Connotative Word Choice | |
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Tone | |
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Sentence Structure | |
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Metaphors | |
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Organization and Examples | |
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Repetition | |
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Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony | |
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Quotation Marks, Italics, and Capital Letters | |
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"In a Battle of Wits with Kitchen Appliances, I'm Toast" | |
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Writing about Style | |
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Understanding Your Purpose and Audience | |
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Planning the Essay | |
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Drafting the Style Analysis | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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"In Praise of a Snail's Pace" | |
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Student Essay (on Goodman's essay) | |
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Analyzing Two or More Sources | |
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Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast Essay | |
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Juan Williams Fired for Comments" | |
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"Juan Williams Fired: Pitfalls of the Insta-opinion Age" | |
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For Reading and Analysis | |
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"The F Word" | |
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"Husband Hal" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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The World of Argument | |
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Understanding the Basics of Argument | |
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Characteristics of Argument | |
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Argument Is Conversation with a Goal | |
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Argument Debates an Arguable Issue | |
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Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence | |
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Argument Incorporates Values | |
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Argument Recognizes a Topic's Complexity | |
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The Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from Aristotle | |
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Ethos (About the Writer/Speaker) | |
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Logos (About the Logic of the Argument) | |
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Pathos (About Appeals to the Audience) | |
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Karios (About the Occasion or Situation) | |
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The Language of Argument | |
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Facts | |
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Inferences | |
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Judgments | |
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"Your Brain Lies to You" | |
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The Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from Toulmin | |
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Claims | |
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Grounds (or Data or Evidence) | |
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Warrants | |
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Backing | |
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Qualifiers | |
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Rebuttals | |
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Using Toulmin's Terms to Analyze Arguments | |
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"Let the Zoo's Elephants Go" | |
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Using Toulmin's Terms as a Guide to Organizing Arguments | |
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For Debate | |
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"Let My Teenager Drink" | |
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'Don't Make Teen Drinking Easier" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Writing Effective Arguments | |
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Know Your Audience | |
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Who Is My Audience? | |
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What Will My Audience Know about My Topic? | |
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Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue? | |
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How Should I Address My Audience? | |
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Understand Your Writing Purpose | |
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What Type (Genre) of Work Am I Preparing? | |
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What Is My Goal? | |
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Will the Rogerian or Conciliatory Approach Work for Me? | |
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Move from Topic to Claim to Possible Support | |
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Selecting a Topic | |
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Drafting a Claim | |
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Listing Possible Grounds | |
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Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another Perspective | |
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Planning the Approach | |
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Draft Your Argument | |
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Guidelines for Drafting | |
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Revise Your Draft | |
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Rewriting | |
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Editing | |
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A Few Words about Words and Tone | |
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Proofreading | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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For Analysis and Debate | |
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"Understanding the Costs of Rising Inequality" | |
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"Political Stupidity, U.S. Style" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument | |
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Responding to Visual Arguments | |
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Reading Graphics | |
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Understanding How Graphics Differ | |
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Guidelines for Reading Graphics | |
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Exercises | |
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The Use of Authority and Statistics | |
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Judging Authorities | |
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Understanding and Evaluating Sources | |
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Guidelines for Evaluating Sources | |
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Exercises | |
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Writing the Investigative Argument | |
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Gathering and Analyzing Evidence | |
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Planning and Drafting the Essay | |
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Guidelines for Writing an Investigative Argument | |
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Analyzing Evidence: The Key to an Effective Argument | |
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Preparing Graphics for Your Essay | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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Student Essay: "Buying Time" | |
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For Reading and Analysis | |
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"Every Body's Talking: Nonverbals Speak | |
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Loudly" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Learning More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies | |
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Induction | |
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Deduction | |
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"The Declaration of Independence" | |
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Analogy | |
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"War and Football" | |
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Logical Fallacies | |
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Causes of Illogic | |
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Fallacies of Oversimplifying (Problems with Logos) | |
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Fallacies of Avoiding the Issue (Problems with Ethos or Pathos) | |
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For Analysis | |
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, "Declaration of Sentiments" | |
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"Things People Say" | |
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Studying Some Arguments by Genre | |
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Definition Arguments | |
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Defining as Part of an Argument | |
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When Defining Is the Argument | |
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Strategies for Developing an Extended Definition | |
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Guidelines for Evaluating Definition Arguments | |
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Preparing a Definition Argument | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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Student Essay: "Laura Mullins, "Paragon or Parasite?" | |
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For Analysis and Debate | |
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"Best Is the New Worst" | |
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"Glamour, That Certain Something" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Evaluation Arguments | |
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Types of Evaluation Arguments | |
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Guidelines for Analyzing an Evaluation Argument | |
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Preparing an Evaluation Argument | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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Student Review | |
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"Winchester's Alchemy: Two Men and a Book" | |
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Evaluating an Argument: The Rebuttal or Refutation Essay | |
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Guidelines for Preparing a Refutation Annotated Refutation | |
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"Gender Games" | |
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For Analysis and Debate | |
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"Addicted to Health" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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the Position Paper: Claims of Value | |
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Characteristics of the Position Paper | |
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Guidelines for Analyzing a Claim of Value | |
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Preparing a Position Paper | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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For Analysis and Debate | |
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"The Battle for Your Brain" | |
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"I Have a Dream" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Arguments About Cause | |
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Characteristics of Causal Arguments | |
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Mill's Methods for Investigating Causes | |
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Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments | |
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Preparing a Causal Argument | |
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A Checklist for Revision | |
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For Analysis and Debate | |
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"Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men" | |
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"How Immigrants Create More Jobs" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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Presenting Proposals: the Problem/Solution Argument | |
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Characteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments | |
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Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments | |
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"A New Strategy for the War on Drugs" | |
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"A Modest Proposal" | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |
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the Researched and Formally Documented Argument | |
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Locating, Evaluating, and Preparing to Use Sources | |
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Selecting a Good Topic | |
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What Type of Research Essay Am I Preparing? | |
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Who Is My Audience? | |
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How Can I Select a Good Topic? | |
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What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid? | |
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Writing a Tentative Claim or Research Proposal | |
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Preparing a Working Bibliography | |
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Basic Form for Books | |
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Basic Form for Articles | |
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Locating Sources | |
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The Book Catalog | |
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The Reference Collection | |
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Electronic Databases | |
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The Internet | |
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Field Research | |
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Evaluating Sources, Maintaining Credibility | |
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Guidelines for Evaluating Sources | |
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Writing the Researched Essay | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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What Is Common Knowledge? | |
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Using Signal Phrases to Avoid Misleading Readers | |
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Guidelines for Appropriately Using Sources | |
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Organizing the Paper | |
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The Formal Outline | |
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Drafting the Paper | |
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Revising the Paper: a Checklist | |
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The Completed Paper | |
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Sample Student Research Essay | |
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Formal Documentation: Mla Style, Apa Style of Documentation | |
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MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation | |
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MLA Citations for a "Works Cited" Page | |
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APA In-Text Documentation | |
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APA Citations for a "References" Page | |
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A Collection of Readings | |
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the Media: Image and Reality | |
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Derrick Speight, "Of Losers and Moles: You Think Reality | |
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TV Just Writes Itself?") | |
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"Press and Pund Stampede Tramples Good Judgment and Often the Facts, Too" | |
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"In Your Face.. All Over the Place" | |
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"What's Up, Doc? a Bloody Outrage, That's What" | |
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"Copyright Silliness on Campus" | |
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"The Social Network's Female Props" | |
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the Internet and Social Media: Their Impact on our Lives | |
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"Is Google Making Us Stupid?" | |
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"Mind over Mass Media" | |
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"The Medium Is the Medium" | |
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"Why Google Should Stay in China" | |
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"In Egypt Twitter Trumps Torture" | |
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"I Tweet, Therefore I Am" | |
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"A Violin Requiem for Privacy" | |
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The Environment: How do we Cope with Climage Change? | |
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"The Sixth Extinction: It Happened to him. It's Happening to You." | |
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"It's Natural to Behave Irrationally" | |
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"The Cost of Climate Inaction" | |
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"How Marketplace Economics Can Help Build a Greener World" | |
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"Wecansolveit" ad | |
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"Global Warming Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg" | |
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"Moving Heaven and Earth" | |
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Sports Talk-Sports Battles | |
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"Show Them the Money" | |
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"Education, Athletics: The Odd Couple" | |
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"Privilege Unchecked in the U-Va. Case?" | |
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"The Beam in Your Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't Lasik?" | |
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"Houston: We Have a Problem" | |
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"It's Only a Letdown If You Expected Something Better" | |
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Marriage and Gender Issues: the Debates Continue | |
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"Socail Science Finds: Marriage Matters" | |
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"Abolish Marriage" | |
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"My Big Fat Straight Wedding" | |
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"Gay Asian-American Male Seeks Home" | |
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"5 Myths about Working Mothers" | |
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"For Women in America, Equality Is Still an Illusion" | |
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"Supremacy Crimes" | |
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Education in America: Problems at all Levels | |
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"The Fittest Brains | |
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"A Daunting Children's Divide" | |
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"10 Steps to World-Class Schools" | |
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"5 Myths about Who Gets into College" | |
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"So Much for the Information Age" | |
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"Laptops vs. Learning" | |
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Censorship and Free speech Debates | |
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"Ground Zero for Free Speech" | |
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"Why the First Amendment (and Journalism) Might Be in Trouble" | |
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"Chipping Away at Free Speech" | |
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"Limits of Free Speech" | |
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"Online Lessons on Unprotected Sex" | |
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"Virtual Violence Is Free Speech" | |
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Ethics and the LAW: Current and Enduring Debates | |
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"Guns for Safety? Dream on, Scalia" | |
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"5 Myths about Torture and Truth" | |
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"First They Did Harm" | |
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"Ending Impunity for Rape" | |
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"Crush Animal Cruelty" | |
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"At the Cliff's Edge on Immigration" | |
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America: Embracing the Future -- or Divided by Conflict? | |
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"The New Culture War" | |
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"Faces We've Seen Before" | |
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"America Is Better Than This" | |
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"The Cure for Public Anger" | |
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"Throwing the Bums Out for 140 Years" | |
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"The Design of Your Life" | |
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"How the Future Will Judge Us" | |
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Appendix: Understanding Literature | |
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Getting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and Paraphrase | |
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"Promise" | |
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Summary of "The Story of an Hour" | |
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"Sonnet 116" | |
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Paraphrase of "Sonnet 116" | |
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Seeing Connection: Analysis | |
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Analysis of Narrative Structure | |
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Analysis of Character | |
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Analysis of Elements of Style and Tone | |
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Drawing Conclusions: Interpretation | |
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Writing about LIreature | |
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"To His Coy Mistress" | |
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"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" | |
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"The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" | |
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"Is My Team Ploughing" | |
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"Taxi" | |
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"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" | |
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"Trifles" | |
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Sample Student Literary Analysis | |
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Suggestions for Discussion and Writing | |