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| Preface | |
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| Orientation to Small Group Systems | |
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| Small Groups as the Heart of Society | |
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| Groups in Your Life | |
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| Groups as Problem Solvers | |
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| Participating in Groups | |
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| Groups versus Individuals as Problem Solvers | |
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| When a Group Is a Good Choice | |
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| When a Group Is Not a Good Choice | |
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| Groups, Small Groups, Teams, and Small Group Communication | |
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| Groups | |
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| Small Groups | |
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| Small Groups versus Teams | |
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| Small Group Communication | |
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| Groups and Technology | |
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| Classifying Groups by Their Major Purpose | |
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| Primary or Secondary Groups | |
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| Types of Secondary Groups | |
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| Being an Ethical Group Member | |
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| The Participant-Observer Perspective | |
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| Groups as Structured Open Systems | |
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| What Is a Theory? | |
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| Overview of General Systems Theory | |
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| The Small Group as a System | |
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| Definition of a System | |
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| Concepts Vital to Understanding Systems | |
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| Characteristics of Systems | |
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| Organizations as Systems of Groups | |
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| Foundations of Small Group Communicating | |
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| Communication Principles for Group Members | |
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| Communication: What's That? | |
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| Communication Is Symbolic | |
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| Communication Is Personal | |
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| Communication Is a Transactional Process | |
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| Communication Is a Sender and Receiver Phenomenon | |
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| Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions | |
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| Implications for Small Group Communication | |
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| Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members | |
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| Listening Defined | |
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| Listening Preferences | |
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| Habits of Poor Listeners | |
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| Listening Actively | |
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| Using Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group Communication | |
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| Creating Messages in a Small Group | |
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| How Communication Structures the Small Group | |
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| Using Language to Help the Group Progress | |
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| Following the Rules | |
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| Adjusting to the Symbolic Nature of Language | |
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| Using Emotive Words Cautiously | |
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| Organizing Remarks | |
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| Making Sure the Discussion Question Is Clear and Appropriate | |
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| Using Language to Focus a Group's Discussion: An Application | |
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| Nonverbal Behaviors in Small Group Communication | |
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| Principles of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Functions of Nonverbal Behaviors | |
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| Categories of Nonverbal Behaviors | |
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| Nonverbal Behavior in Computer-Mediated Groups | |
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| From Individuals to Group | |
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| Becoming a Group | |
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| The Life Cycle of a Group | |
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| Challenges in Group Development | |
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| A Group's Major Functions | |
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| Social Tensions in Groups | |
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| Phase Models in Group Development | |
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| Group Socialization of Members | |
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| Stages of Group Socialization | |
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| Group Roles | |
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| Types of Roles | |
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| Role Functions in a Small Group | |
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| The Emergence of Roles in a Group | |
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| Managing Group Roles | |
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| Rules and Norms | |
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| Development of Group Norms | |
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| Enforcement of Group Norms | |
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| Changing a Group Norm | |
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| Development of a Group's Climate | |
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| Trust | |
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| Cohesiveness | |
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| Supportiveness | |
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| Ethical Behavior during Group Formation | |
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| Working with Diversity in the Small Group | |
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| What Is Diversity? | |
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| Diverse Member Characteristics | |
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| Differences in Motives for Joining a Group | |
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| Diversity of Learning Styles | |
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| Personality Differences | |
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| Cultural Diversity | |
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| Dimensions of Culture | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Differences | |
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| Gender Differences | |
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| Generational Differences | |
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| Working with Diversity/Bridging Differences | |
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| Creating a Group Identity through Fantasy | |
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| Using SYMLOG to "Picture" Diversity | |
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| Understanding and Improving Group Throughput Processes | |
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| Creative and Critical Thinking in the Small Group | |
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| What Is Creative Thinking? | |
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| Enhancing Group Creativity | |
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| Brainstorming | |
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| Synectics | |
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| Mind Mapping | |
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| What Makes Thinking "Critical"? | |
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| Enhancing Critical Thinking in a Group | |
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| Having the Right Attitude | |
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| Gathering Information | |
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| Evaluating Information | |
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| Checking for Errors in Reasoning | |
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| Avoiding Groupthink | |
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| Group Problem-Solving Procedures | |
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| A Systematic Procedure as the Basis for Problem Solving | |
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| Capturing the Problem in Problem Solving | |
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| How Do We Know a Problem When We See One? | |
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| Area of Freedom | |
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| Characteristics of Problems | |
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| Identifying Problems with a Problem Census | |
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| Effective Problem Solving and Decision Making | |
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| The Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS) | |
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| Applications of P-MOPS | |
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| Managing Conflicts Productively | |
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| What Is Conflict? | |
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| Myths about Conflict | |
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| Types of Conflict | |
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| Substantive Conflict | |
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| Affective Conflict | |
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| Procedural Conflict | |
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| Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and Conflict Types | |
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| Managing Conflict in the Group | |
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| Conflict Management Styles | |
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| Expressing Disagreement Ethically | |
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| Maximizing Your Chances to Influence the Group | |
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| The Nominal Group Technique | |
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| Steps in Principled Negotiation | |
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| Applying Leadership Principles | |
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| Leadership and Leaders | |
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| What Is Leadership? | |
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| Sources of Power and Influence | |
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| What Is a Leader? | |
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| Myths about Leadership | |
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| Current Ideas about Leadership | |
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| The Functional Concept of Group Leadership | |
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| The Contingency Concept of Group Leadership | |
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| What Good Leaders Do | |
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| What Group Members Expect Leaders to Do | |
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| Performing Administrative Duties | |
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| Leading Group Discussions | |
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| Developing the Group | |
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| Encouraging Distributed Leadership | |
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| Ethical Guidelines for Group Leaders | |
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| Small Group Public Presentations | |
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| Planning, Organizing, and Presenting Small Group Oral Presentations | |
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| The Planning Stage | |
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| Your Audience | |
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| Your Occasion | |
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| Your Purpose | |
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| Your Subject or Topic | |
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| Member Strengths and Fears | |
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| Supplemental Logistics | |
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| Types of Group Oral Presentations | |
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| The Organizing Stage | |
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| Delegating Duties | |
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| Gathering Verbal and Visual Materials | |
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| Organizing Materials and the Presentation | |
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| The Presenting Stage | |
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| Checking Your Language | |
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| Practice Aloud | |
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| What Makes a Good Oral Presentation? | |
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| Techniques for Observing Problem-Solving Groups | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |