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| Preface | |
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| To the Student | |
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| Foundations of Intercultural Communication | |
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| Why Study Intercultural Communication? | |
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| The Technological Imperative | |
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| Technology and Human Communication | |
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| Access to Communication Technology | |
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| The Demographic Imperative | |
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| Changing U.S. Demographics | |
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| Changing Immigration Patterns | |
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| The Economic Imperative | |
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| The Peace Imperative | |
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| The Self-Awareness Imperative | |
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| The Ethical Imperative | |
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| Relativity Versus Universality | |
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| Being Ethical Students of Culture | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| The History of the Study of Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Early Development of the Discipline | |
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| Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Application of Theory | |
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| An Emphasis on International Settings | |
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| An Interdisciplinary Focus | |
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| Perception and Worldview of the Researcher | |
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| Three Approaches to Studying Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Social Science Approach | |
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| The Interpretive Approach | |
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| The Critical Approach | |
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| A Dialectical Approach to Understanding Culture and Communication | |
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| Combining the Three Traditional Paradigms: The Dialectical Approach | |
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| Six Dialectics of Intercultural Communication | |
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| Keeping a Dialectical Perspective | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Culture, Communication, Context, and Power | |
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| What Is Culture? | |
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| Social Science Definitions: Culture as Learned, Group-Related Perceptions | |
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| Interpretive Definitions: Culture as Contextual Symbolic Patterns of Meaning | |
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| Critical Definitions: Culture as Heterogeneous, Dynamic, and a Contested Zone | |
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| What Is Communication? | |
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| The Relationship Between Culture and Communication | |
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| How Culture Influences Communication | |
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| How Communication Reinforces Culture | |
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| Communication as Resistance to the Dominant Culture System | |
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| The Relationship Between Communication and Context | |
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| The Relationship Between Communication and Power | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| History and Intercultural Communication | |
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| From History to Histories | |
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| Political, Intellectual, and Social Histories | |
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| Family Histories | |
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| National Histories | |
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| Cultural-Group Histories | |
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| History, Power, and Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Power of Texts | |
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| The Power of Other Histories | |
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| Power in Intercultural Interactions | |
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| History and Identity | |
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| Histories as Stories | |
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| Nonmainstream Histories | |
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| Hidden Histories | |
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| Intercultural Communication and History | |
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| Antecedents of Contact | |
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| The Contact Hypothesis | |
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| Negotiating Histories Dialectically in Interaction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Intercultural Communication Processes | |
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| Identity and Intercultural Communication | |
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| Thinking Dialectically About Identity | |
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| The Social Science Perspective | |
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| The Interpretive Perspective | |
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| The Critical Perspective | |
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| Identity and Language | |
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| Identity Development Issues | |
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| Minority Identity Development | |
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| Majority Identity Development | |
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| Social and Cultural Identities | |
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| Gender Identity | |
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| Age Identity | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Identities | |
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| Characteristics of Whiteness | |
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| Religious Identity | |
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| Class Identity | |
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| National Identity | |
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| Regional Identity | |
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| Personal Identity | |
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| Identity, Stereotypes, and Prejudice | |
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| Multicultural People | |
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| Identity and Communication | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Language and Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Study of Language: Thinking Dialectically | |
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| Language Versus Discourse | |
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| The Components of Language | |
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| Semiotics | |
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| Language and Perception | |
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| Recent Research Findings | |
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| Cultural Variations in Language | |
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| Variations in Communication Style | |
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| Variations in Contextual Rules | |
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| Discourse: Language and Power | |
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| Co-Cultural Communication | |
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| Discourse and Social Structure | |
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| The "Power" Effects of Labels | |
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| Moving Between Languages | |
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| Multilingualism | |
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| Translation and Interpretation | |
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| Language and Identity | |
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| Language and Cultural Group Identity | |
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| Code Switching | |
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| Language Politics and Policies | |
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| Language and Globalization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Nonverbal Codes and Cultural Space | |
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| Thinking Dialectically About Nonverbal Communication: Defining Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication | |
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| What Nonverbal Behavior Communicates | |
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| The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| Recent Research Findings | |
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| Nonverbal Codes | |
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| Cultural Variation or Stereotype? | |
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| Semiotics and Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Defining Cultural Space | |
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| Cultural Identity and Cultural Space | |
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| Changing Cultural Space | |
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| Postmodern Cultural Spaces | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Intercultural Communication Applications | |
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| Understanding Intercultural Transitions | |
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| Thinking Dialectically About Intercultural Transitions | |
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| Types of Migrant Groups | |
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| Voluntary Migrants | |
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| Involuntary Migrants | |
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| Migrant-Host Relationships | |
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| Assimilation | |
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| Separation | |
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| Integration | |
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| Marginalization | |
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| Cultural Hybridity | |
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| Cultural Adaptation | |
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| Social Science Approach | |
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| Interpretive Approach | |
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| Critical Approach: Contextual Influences | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Popular Culture and Intercultural Communication | |
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| Learning About Cultures Without Personal Experience | |
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| The Power of Popular Culture | |
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| What Is Popular Culture? | |
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| Consuming and Resisting Popular Culture | |
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| Consuming Popular Culture | |
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| Resisting Popular Culture | |
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| Representing Cultural Groups | |
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| Migrants' Perceptions of Mainstream Culture | |
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| Popular Culture and Stereotyping | |
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| U.S. Popular Culture and Power | |
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| Global Circulation of Images and Commodities | |
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| Cultural Imperialism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Culture, Communication, and Intercultural Relationships | |
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| Thinking Dialectically About Intercultural Relationships | |
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| Personal-Contextual Dialectic | |
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| Differences-Similarities Dialectic | |
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| Cultural-Individual Dialectic | |
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| Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic | |
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| Static-Dynamic Dialectic | |
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| History/Past-Present/Future Dialectic | |
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| Benefits and Challenges of Intercultural Relationships | |
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| Benefits | |
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| Challenges | |
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| Intercultural Relationships | |
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| Social Science Approach: Cross-Cultural Differences | |
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| Interpretive Approach: Communicating in Intercultural Relationships | |
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| Critical Approach: Contextual Influences | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Culture, Communication, and Conflict | |
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| Characteristics of Intercultural Conflict | |
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| Two Orientations to Conflict | |
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| Conflict as Opportunity | |
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| Conflict as Destructive | |
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| Cultural Differences in Conflict Views: A Dialectical Perspective | |
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| The Social Science Approach to Conflict | |
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| Types of Conflict | |
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| Strategies and Tactics for Dealing With Conflict | |
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| Gender, Ethnicity, and Conflict | |
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| Value Differences and Conflict Styles | |
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| Interpretive and Critical Approaches to Social Conflict | |
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| Social Contexts | |
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| Economic Contexts | |
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| Historical and Political Contexts | |
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| Managing Intercultural Conflict | |
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| Productive Versus Destructive Conflict | |
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| Competition Versus Cooperation | |
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| Dealing With Conflict | |
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| Mediation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| The Outlook for Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Components of Competence | |
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| Individual Components | |
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| Contextual Components | |
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| Applying Knowledge About Intercultural Communication | |
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| Entering Into Dialogue | |
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| Becoming Interpersonal Allies | |
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| Building Coalitions | |
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| Social Justice and Transformation | |
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| Forgiveness | |
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| What the Future Holds | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Activities | |
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| Key Words | |
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| References | |
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| Credits | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |