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| The Origins of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam Introduction Universal Religions | |
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| The Setting and Context | |
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| The Indian Subcontinent West Asia | |
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| The Arabian Peninsula | |
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| The Spiritual Worlds of Buddhism, Christianity and Islam Buddhism Christianity Islam Conclusion | |
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| The Expanding World of Buddhism: Buddhist Encounters from South to East Asia Buddhism's Early Growth | |
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| The Formation of the Canon Buddhism Splits into Schools Buddhism in the Kushan Empire Buddhism in Southeast Asia | |
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| The Khmer Kingdom Mahayana Buddhist Carry the Faith to China Schools of Buddhism Buddhism Helps the Sui Unite China Images, Relics, and Printing Why Did Buddhism Decline in China? | |
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| The Neo Confucian Synthesis Buddhism Travels to the Frontiers of Eurasia Korea Buddhism Travels to Japan Conclusion | |
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| From Manger to Metropolis | |
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| The Early Spread of Christianity Paul's Efforts to Promote Christianity | |
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| The Environment into which Christianity Spread Zoroastrian Legacies | |
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| The Eternal Struggle between Good and Evil | |
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| The Milieu of Mithraism | |
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| The Persistent Ghost of Gnosticism Why Were Early Converts Attracted to Christianity? Multiple Varieties of the Christian Faith Paul and John | |
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| The Jewish Christians Gnostic Christians | |
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| The Macionites | |
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| The Syrian Church Mainstream Christians Christianity in the Late Roman Empire Christianity Under Constantine Christianity Reaches Nubia and Axum Nestorian Christians Take Christianity to the East Desert Fathers, Mothers, and the First Monasteries Lay Christians and the Secular Clergy Making Sense Out of the Disintegration of the Roman Empire Constantinople and Byzantium | |
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| The Growing Separation of the Roman and Eastern Churches Christianity Spreads to Ireland and Western Europe | |
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| The Widening Schism between East and West: Popes and Patriarchs | |
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| The Debate over Relics | |
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| The Franks and Charlemagne Christianity Moves Across Asia India Kiev and Russia Central Asia Nestorians in China Somalia and Ethiopia Christianity Matures in Europe, 1000 – 1550 Reform Movements Renewed Religious Enthusiasm in Europe | |
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| The Church in Crisis A New Wave of Reform | |
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| The Break-Up of the Universal Church | |
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| The Protestant Reformation Conclusion | |
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| The Widening Reach of Dar al-Islam Strengthening the Community | |
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| The Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs Achievements During the Right Guided Caliphs Period Why Was the Military So Successful? What Did Muslims Think of Non-Muslims? How Did Islam Change Women's Lives? | |
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| The Umayyad Caliphate Achievements of the Umayyad Caliphate | |
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| The Ulama and Sufis Initial Conversions Internal Tension Weaken the Umayyad Caliphate | |
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| The Abbasid Caliphate Islamization | |
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| The Importance of Cities | |
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| The Place of Law in Dar al-Islam Women, Slaves, Soldiers, and Scholars | |
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| The Spread of Dar al-Islam Al-Andalus Africa Southeast Asia China Anatolia | |
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| The Indian Subcontinent Conclusion | |
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| Comparisons, Contrasts, and Syntheses | |
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| The Gradual Process of Conversion Contact and Borrowing Religious Toleration in Central Asia New Syncretic Faiths Develop Manicheanism | |
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| The Rise of Sikhism Similarities and Differences among the Universal Religions Similarities Differences Common Religious Rituals and Practices Christian-Muslim Relations Children of Abraham, Sibling Rivalry, Clash of Civilizations | |
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| Conclusion | |