Preface | |
Prologue to the Past | |
An Archaeological Genealogy | |
An Anthropological Perspective | |
Our Human Genealogy | |
Perceiving the Past: An Intellectual History | |
An Evolutionary Philosophy | |
An Ancient World? | |
A Wreck of a World | |
Equable and Steady Change | |
Ancient Humans? | |
The Slow Agency of Existing Causes | |
Ancient Humans Revisited | |
Charles Darwin and the Antiquity of Life | |
The Origin of Species | |
Cultures Evolving | |
Our Modern View | |
Probing the Past | |
Epistemology: How We Know What We Know | |
Paleoanthropological and Archaeological Sites | |
Analyzing Archaeological Data | |
Determining the Age of a Site or Specimen | |
African Roots | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
Miocene Preface | |
The First Hominids | |
A Fork in the Hominid Road | |
A Forest of Hominids | |
A Different Path--Homo habilis | |
Issues and Debates | |
What Were the First Steps in Hominid Evolution? | |
What Caused the Proliferation of Hominid Species? | |
How Do We Know the Hominids Were Upright? | |
Is There Other Evidence for Bipedality? | |
Why Bipedalism? | |
What Do We Know About the Early Hominid Brain? | |
Were the Early Hominids Hunters? | |
Single or Multiple Species? | |
Rates of Change in Evolution | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
The Human Lineage | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
Homo erectus | |
Hominids Conquer the World | |
The Age of Ice | |
Homo erectus: The Toolmaker | |
Subsistence | |
Issues and Debates | |
Did the Pleistocene Cause the Evolution of Homo erectus? | |
What Enabled the Geographic Expansion of Homo erectus? | |
The "Art" of Making Tools | |
Raising Homo erectus | |
When Did Homo erectus Become Extinct? | |
Stability or Change? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
Our Immediate Ancestors: The Premodern Humans | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
Premodern Humans: Fossil Evidence | |
Premodern Humans: Cultural Evidence | |
The Neandertals | |
Neandertal Culture | |
Issues and Debates | |
Why Are the Neandertals Extinct? | |
Could Neandertals Talk? | |
Did Neandertals Worship Cave Bears? | |
Did Neandertals Produce Art and Make Music? | |
Were Neandertal Babies Less Atricial Than Modern Babies? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
The Evolution of Us: The Origins of Modern Humans | |
Prelude | |
Mitochondrial DNA and Molecular Archaeology | |
Resurrecting Extinct Species | |
Molecular Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Beings | |
Chronicle | |
The Population Replacement Model | |
The Multiregional Model | |
A Middle Ground: Genetic Replacement | |
Issues and Debates | |
Replacement or Continuity? | |
How Can Modern Human Genetics Inform Us about the Ancient Origins of Humanity? | |
Which Evidence Is Better: Genes or Bones? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
Expanding Intellectual Horizons: Art and Ideas in the Upper Paleolithic | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
The Upper Paleolithic Great Leap Forward | |
The Meaning of Upper Paleolithic Art | |
Issues and Debates | |
Why Is There No Correlation Between Anatomical and Behavioral Modernity? | |
What Does the Art of the Upper Paleolithic Mean? | |
Does the Paleolithic Have a Gender? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
Expanding Geographical Horizons: New Worlds | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
The Settlement of Greater Australia | |
The Earliest Occupation of Greater Australia | |
The Spread Through Australia | |
Tasmania | |
Greater Australia: A Broad Range of Adaptations | |
Coming to America | |
The Source of Los Indios | |
When Did the First Migrants Arrive? | |
The First Human Settlement of America | |
Alaska | |
Clovis | |
Into the Pacilssues and Debates | |
Who Were the First Americans and When Did They Get Here? | |
Who Is Kennewick Man and What Does He Have to Do with the Settling of the Americas? | |
What--or Who--Killed the American Megafauna? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
After the Ice: Cultural Change in the Post-Pleistocene | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
Europe | |
North America | |
Asia | |
Australia | |
South America | |
Africa | |
Issues and Debates | |
Was the Mesolithic Only a "Prelude"? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
The Neolithic: Roots of a Revolution in Subsistence and Society | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
Humans Taking the Place of Nature: Artilssues and Debates | |
How Was Domestication Accomplished? | |
The Remarkably Modern Cuisine of the Ancient World | |
Neolithic Nutrition | |
Was Agriculture the "Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race"? | |
Implications of the Neolithic: The Roots of Social Complexity | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
The Roots of Complexity | |
Prelude | |
The Construction of Stonehenge | |
Imagining Stonehenge | |
Chronicle | |
Simplicity and Complexity | |
A Revolution in Subsistence, a Revolution in Society | |
Complexity's Earliest Traces in the Old World | |
Complexity's Earliest Traces in the New World | |
Issues and Debates | |
Is Complexity Inevitable? | |
Is Complexity Restricted to Food Producers? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
An Explosion of Complexity: The Flowering of Civilization in the Old World | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
The Evolution of the State | |
The Character of Civilization | |
The Geography of Civilizations | |
Mesopotamia | |
Egypt of the Pharaohs | |
Other African Civilizations | |
The Indus Valley Civilization | |
The Civilization of Ancient China | |
Minoan Crete | |
Issues and Debates | |
Why Did State Societies Develop? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
The Khmer Kingdom | |
Visiting the Past | |
An Explosion of Complexity: Ranked Societies in the Old and New Worlds | |
Prelude | |
Cahokia | |
Chronicle | |
Complexity in Prehistoric America North of Mexico | |
The Mound Builders of North America: Earliest Manifestations | |
Great Zimbabwe | |
Issues and Debates | |
Is the State Inevitable? | |
The Myth of the Mound Builders | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
An Explosion of Complexity: The Flowering of Civilization in the New World | |
Prelude | |
Chronicle | |
Mesoamerica | |
South America | |
Issues and Debates | |
Why Do Civilizations Collapse? | |
Case Study Close-Up | |
Visiting the Past | |
Evolutionary Epilogue | |
Past Perspectives, Future Directions | |
Glossary | |
References | |
Index | |
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