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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Elements of a Digital Communication System | |
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| Communication Channels and Their Characteristics | |
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| Mathematical Models for Communication Channels | |
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| A Historical Perspective in the Development of Digital Communications | |
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| Overview of the Book | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Probability and Stochastic Processes | |
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| Probability | |
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| Random Variables, Probability Distributions, and Probability Densities | |
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| Functions of Random Variables | |
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| Statistical Averages of Random Variables | |
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| Some Useful Probability Distributions | |
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| Upper Bounds on the Tail Probability | |
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| Sums of Random Variables and the Central Limit Theorem | |
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| Stochastic Processes | |
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| Statistical Averages | |
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| Power Density Spectrum | |
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| Response of a Linear Time-Invariant System to a Random Input Signal | |
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| Sampling Theorem for Band-Limited Stochastic Processes | |
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| Discrete-Time Stochastic Signals and Systems | |
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| Cyclostationary Processes | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Source Coding | |
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| Mathematical Models for Information Sources | |
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| A Logarithmic Measure of Information | |
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| Average Mutual Information and Entropy | |
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| Information Measures for Continuous Random Variables | |
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| Coding for Discrete Sources | |
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| Coding for Discrete Memoryless Sources | |
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| Discrete Stationary Sources | |
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| The Lempel-Ziv Algorithm | |
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| Coding for Analog Sources--Optimum Quantization | |
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| Rate-Distortion Function | |
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| Scalar Quantization | |
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| Vector Quantization | |
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| Coding Techniques for Analog Sources | |
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| Temporal Waveform Coding | |
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| Spectral Waveform Coding | |
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| Model-Based Source Coding | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Characterization of Communication Signals and Systems | |
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| Representation of Band-Pass Signals and Systems | |
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| Representation of Band-Pass Signals | |
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| Representation of Linear Band-Pass Systems | |
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| Response of a Band-Pass System to a Band-Pass Signal | |
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| Representation of Band-Pass Stationary Stochastic Processes | |
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| Signal Space Representations | |
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| Vector Space Concepts | |
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| Signal Space Concepts | |
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| Orthogonal Expansions of Signals | |
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| Representation of Digitally Modulated Signals | |
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| Memoryless Modulation Methods | |
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| Linear Modulation with Memory | |
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| Non-linear Modulation Methods with Memory--CPFSK and CPM | |
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| Spectral Characteristics of Digitally Modulated Signals | |
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| Power Spectra of Linearly Modulated Signals | |
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| Power Spectra of CPFSK and CPM Signals | |
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| Power Spectra of Modulated Signals with Memory | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problem | |
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| Optimum Receivers for the Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel | |
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| Optimum Receiver for Signals Corrupted by Additive White Gaussian Noise | |
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| Correlation Demodulator | |
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| Matched-Filter Demodulator | |
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| The Optimum Detector | |
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| The Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detector | |
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| A Symbol-by-Symbol MAP Detector for Signals with Memory | |
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| Performance of the Optimum Receiver for Memoryless Modulation | |
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| Probability of Error for Binary Modulation | |
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| Probability of Error for M-ary Orthogonal Signals | |
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| Probability of Error for M-ary Biorthogonal Signals | |
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| Probability of Error for Simplex Signals | |
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| Probability of Error for M-ary Binary-Coded Signals | |
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| Probability of Error for M-ary PAM | |
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| Probability of Error for M-ary PSK | |
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| Differential PSK (DPSK) and Its Performance | |
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| Probability of Error for QAM | |
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| Comparison of Digital Modulation Methods | |
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| Optimum Receiver for CPM Signals | |
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| Optimum Demodulation and Detection of CPM | |
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| Performance of CPM Signals | |
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| Symbol-by-Symbol Detection of CPM Signals | |
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| Suboptimum Demodulation and Detection of CPM Signals | |
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| Optimum Receiver for Signals with Random Phase in AWGN Channel | |
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| Optimum Receiver for Binary Signals | |
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| Optimum Receiver for M-ary Orthogonal Signals | |
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| Probability of Error for Envelope Detection of M-ary Orthogonal Signals | |
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| Probability of Error for Envelope Detection of Correlated Binary Signals | |
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| Performance Analysis for Wireline and Radio Communication Systems | |
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| Regenerative Repeaters | |
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| Link Budget Analysis in Radio Communication Systems | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Carrier and Symbol Synchronziation | |
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| Signal Parameter Estimation | |
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| The Likelihood Function | |
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| Carrier Recovery and Symbol Synchronization in Signal Demodulation | |
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| Carrier Phase Estimation | |
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| Maximum-Likelihood Carrier Phase Estimation | |
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| The Phase-Locked Loop | |
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| Effect of Additive Noise on the Phase Estimate | |
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| Decision-Directed Loops | |
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| Non-Decision-Directed Loops | |
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| Symbol Timing Estimation | |
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| Maximum-Likelihood Timing Estimation | |
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| Non-Decision-Directed Timing Estimation | |
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| Joint Estimation of Carrier Phase and Symbol Timing | |
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| Performance Characteristics of ML Estimators | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Channel Capacity and Coding | |
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| Channel Models and Channel Capacity | |
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| Channel Models | |
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| Channel Capacity | |
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| Achieving Channel Capacity with Orthogonal Signals | |
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| Channel Reliability Functions | |
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| Random Selection of Codes | |
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| Random Coding Based on M-ary Binary-Coded Signals | |
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| Random Coding Based on M-ary Multiamplitude Signals | |
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| Comparison of R*[subscript 0] with the Capacity of the AWGN Channel | |
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| Communication System Design Based on the Cutoff Rate | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Block and Convolutional Channel Codes | |
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| Linear Block Codes | |
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| The Generator Matrix and the Parity Check Matrix | |
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| Some Specific Linear Block Codes | |
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| Cyclic Codes | |
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| Optimum Soft-Decision Decoding of Linear Block Codes | |
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| Hard-Decision Decoding of Linear Block Codes | |
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| Comparison of Performance Between Hard-Decision and Soft-Decision Decoding | |
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| Bounds on Minimum Distance of Linear Block Codes | |
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| Nonbinary Block Codes and Concatenated Block Codes | |
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| Interleaving of Coded Data for Channels with Burst Errors | |
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| Serial and Parallel Concatenated Block Codes | |
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| Convolutional Codes | |
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| The Transfer Function of a Convolutional Code | |
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| Optimum Decoding of Convolutional Codes--The Viterbi Algorithm | |
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| Probability of Error for Soft-Decision Decoding | |
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| Probability of Error for Hard-Decision Decoding | |
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| Distance Properties of Binary Convolutional Codes | |
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| Punctured Convolutional Codes | |
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| Other Decoding Algorithms for Convolutional Codes | |
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| Practical Considerations in the Application of Convolutional Codes | |
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| Nonbinary Dual-k Codes and Concatenated Codes | |
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| Parallel and Serial Concatenated Convolutional Codes | |
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| Coded Modulation for Bandwidth-Constrained Channels--Trellis-Coded Modulation | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Signal Design for Band-Limited Channels | |
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| Characterization of Band-Limited Channels | |
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| Signal Design for Band-Limited Channels | |
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| Design of Band-Limited Signals for No Intersymbol Interference--The Nyquist Criterion | |
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| Design of Band-Limited Signals with Controlled ISI--Partial-Response Signals | |
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| Data Detection for Controlled ISI | |
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| Signal Design for Channels with Distortion | |
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| Probability of Error in Detection of PAM | |
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| Probability of Error for Detection of PAM with Zero ISI | |
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| Probability of Error for Detection of Partial-Response Signals | |
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| Modulation Codes for Spectrum Shaping | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Communication Through Band-Limited Linear Filter Channels | |
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| Optimum Receiver for Channels with ISI and AWGN | |
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| Optimum Maximum-Likelihood Receiver | |
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| A Discrete-Time Model for a Channel with ISI | |
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| The Viterbi Algorithm for the Discrete-Time White Noise Filter Model | |
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| Performance of MLSE for Channels with ISI | |
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| Linear Equalization | |
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| Peak Distortion Criterion | |
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| Mean-Square-Error (MSE) Criterion | |
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| Performance Characteristics of the MSE Equalizer | |
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| Fractionally Spaced Equalizers | |
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| Baseband and Passband Linear Equalizers | |
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| Decision-Feedback Equalization | |
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| Coefficient Optimization | |
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| Performance Characteristics of DFE | |
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| Predictive Decision-Feedback Equalizer | |
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| Equalization at the Transmitter--Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding | |
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| Reduced Complexity ML Detectors | |
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| Iterative Equalization and Decoding--Turbo Equalization | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Adaptive Equalization | |
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| Adaptive Linear Equalizer | |
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| The Zero-Forcing Algorithm | |
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| The LMS Algorithm | |
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| Convergence Properties of the LMS Algorithm | |
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| Excess MSE Due to Noisy Gradient Estimates | |
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| Accelerating the Initial Convergence Rate in the LMS Algorithm | |
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| Adaptive Fractionally Spaced Equalizer--The Tap Leakage Algorithm | |
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| An Adaptive Channel Estimator for ML Sequence Detection | |
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| Adaptive Decision-Feedback Equalizer | |
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| Adaptive Equalization of Trellis-Coded Signals | |
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| Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization | |
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| Recursive Least-Squares (Kalman) Algorithm | |
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| Linear Prediction and the Lattice Filter | |
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| Self-Recovering (Blind) Equalization | |
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| Blind Equalization Based on the Maximum-Likelihood Criterion | |
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| Stochastic Gradient Algorithms | |
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| Blind Equalization Algorithms Based on Second- and Higher-Order Signal Statistics | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Multichannel and Multicarrier Systems | |
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| Multichannel Digital Communications in AWGN Channels | |
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| Binary Signals | |
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| M-ary Orthogonal Signals | |
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| Multicarrier Communications | |
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| Capacity of a Nonideal Linear Filter Channel | |
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| An FFT-Based Multicarrier System | |
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| Minimizing Peak-to-Average Ratio in the Multicarrier Systems | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communications | |
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| Model of Spread Spectrum Digital Communication System | |
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| Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals | |
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| Error Rate Performance of the Decoder | |
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| Some Applications of DS Spread Spectrum Signals | |
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| Effect of Pulsed Interference on DS Spread Spectrum Systems | |
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| Excision of Narrowband Interference in DS Spread Spectrum Systems | |
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| Generation of PN Sequences | |
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| Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum Signals | |
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| Performance of FH Spread Spectrum Signals in an AWGN Channel | |
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| Performance of FH Spread Spectrum Signals in Partial-Band Interference | |
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| A CDMA System Based on FH Spread Spectrum Signals | |
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| Other Types of Spread Spectrum Signals | |
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| Synchronization of Spread Spectrum Systems | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Digital Communications through Fading Multipath Channels | |
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| Characterization of Fading Multipath Channels | |
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| Channel Correlation Functions and Power Spectra | |
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| Statistical Models for Fading Channels | |
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| The Effect of Signal Characteristics on the Choice of a Channel Model | |
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| Frequency-Nonselective, Slowly Fading Channel | |
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| Diversity Techniques for Fading Multipath Channels | |
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| Binary Signals | |
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| Multiphase Signals | |
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| M-ary Orthogonal Signals | |
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| Digital Signaling over a Frequency-Selective, Slowly Fading Channel | |
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| A Tapped-Delay-Line Channel Model | |
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| The RAKE Demodulator | |
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| Performance of RAKE Demodulator | |
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| Receiver Structures for Channels with Intersymbol Interference | |
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| Coded Waveforms for Fading Channels | |
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| Probability of Error for Soft-Decision Decoding of Linear Binary Block Codes | |
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| Probability of Error for Hard-Decision Decoding of Linear Binary Block Codes | |
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| Upper Bounds on the Performance of Convolutional Codes for a Rayleigh Fading Channel | |
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| Use of Constant-Weight Codes and Concatenated Codes for a Fading Channel | |
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| System Design Based on the Cutoff Rate | |
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| Performance of Coded Phase-Coherent Communication Systems--Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation | |
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| Trellis-Coded Modulation | |
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| Multiple-Antenna Systems | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Multiuser Communications | |
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| Introduction to Multiple Access Techniques | |
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| Capacity of Multiple Access Methods | |
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| Code-Division Multiple Access | |
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| CDMA Signal and Channel Models | |
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| The Optimum Receiver | |
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| Suboptimum Detectors | |
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| Successive Interference Cancellation | |
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| Performance Characteristics of Detectors | |
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| Random Access Methods | |
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| ALOHA Systems and Protocols | |
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| Carrier Sense Systems and Protocols | |
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| Bibliographical Notes and References | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Levinson-Durbin Algorithm | |
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| Error Probability for Multichannel Binary Signals | |
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| Error Probabilities for Adaptive Reception of M-Phase Signals | |
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| Mathematical Model for M-Phase Signaling Communication System | |
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| Characteristic Function and Probability Density Function of the Phase [theta] | |
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| Error Probabilities for Slowly Rayleigh Fading Channels | |
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| Error Probabilities for Time-Invariant and Ricean Fading Channels | |
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| Square-Root Factorization | |
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| References and Bibliography | |
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| Index | |