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| Preface | |
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| Where To Start | |
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| General Principles | |
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| Receptor Theory | |
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| Agonists | |
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| Efficacy and Potency | |
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| Therapeutic Index | |
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| Antagonists | |
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| Inverse Agonists | |
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| Absorption, Distribution, and Clearance | |
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| First-Pass Effect | |
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| How Drugs Cross Membranes | |
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| Bioavailability | |
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| Total Body Clearance | |
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| Pharmacokinetics | |
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| Volume of Distribution | |
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| First-Order Kinetics | |
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| Zero-Order Kinetics | |
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| Steady-State Concentration | |
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| Time Needed to Reach Steady State | |
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| Loading Dose | |
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| Drug Metabolism and Renal Elimination | |
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| Liver Metabolism | |
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| Renal Excretion | |
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| Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System | |
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| Review of the Autonomic Nervous System | |
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| Why Include This Material? | |
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| Relevant Anatomy | |
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| Synthesis, Storage, Release, and Removal of Transmitters | |
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| Receptors | |
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| General Rules of Innervation | |
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| Presynaptic Receptors | |
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| Cholinergic Agonists | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Direct Cholinergic Agonists | |
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| Cholinesterase Inhibitors | |
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| Cholinergic Antagonists | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Muscarinic Antagonists | |
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| Ganglionic Blockers | |
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| Neuromuscular Blockers | |
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| Adrenergic Agonists | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Direct-Acting Agonists | |
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| Dopamine | |
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| Indirect-Acting Agents | |
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| Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol | |
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| Adrenergic Antagonists | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Central Blockers | |
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| �-Blockers | |
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| �-Blockers | |
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| Mixed �- and �-Blockers | |
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| Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System | |
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| Antihypertensive Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Diuretics | |
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| Drugs That Interfere With the Renin-Angiotensin System | |
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| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors | |
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| Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | |
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| Selective Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists | |
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| Direct Renin Inhibitor (DRI) | |
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| Calcium Channel Blockers | |
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| Nitrates | |
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| Other Direct Vasodilators | |
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| �- and �-Blockers | |
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| Clonidine | |
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| Drugs Used in Ischemic Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure | |
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| Ischemic Heart Disease | |
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| Congestive Heart Failure | |
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| Reduction of Cardiac Workload | |
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| Control of Excessive Fluid | |
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| Enhancement of Contractility | |
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| Cardiac Glycosides | |
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| Sympathomimetics | |
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| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | |
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| Ranolazine | |
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| Antiarrhythmic Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Drugs (Sodium Channel Blockers) | |
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| Drugs (�-Blockers) | |
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| Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers) | |
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| Drugs (Calcium Channel Blockers) | |
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| Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs | |
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| Drugs That Increase Heart Rate | |
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| Drugs that Affect Blood | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Antiplatelet Agents | |
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| Anticoagulants | |
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| Thrombolytic Drugs | |
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| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | |
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| Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemia | |
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| Lipid-Lowering Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Additional Explanation of Mechanisms | |
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| Drugs that Act on the Central Nervous System | |
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| Drugs Used in Dementia | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Cholinesterase Inhibitors | |
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| NMDA Blocker | |
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| Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs | |
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| Tolerance and Dependence | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Barbiturates | |
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| Benzodiazepines | |
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| Buspirone | |
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| Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists | |
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| Melatonin Receptor Agonist | |
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| Drugs Used in Mood Disorders | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | |
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| Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | |
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| Heterocyclics/TCAs | |
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| Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors | |
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| Other Antidepressants | |
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| Drugs Used in Bipolar Disorder | |
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| Antipsychotics or Neuroleptics | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Typical Antipsychotics (First Generation) | |
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| Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists (Second Generation) | |
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| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | |
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| Drugs Used in Parkinson Disease | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Dopamine Replacement Therapy | |
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| Dopamine Agonist Therapy | |
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| Anticholinergic Therapy | |
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| Antiepileptic Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Important Details About the Most Important Drugs | |
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| Other Drugs to Consider | |
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| Narcotics (Opiates) | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Actions of Morphine and the Other Agonists | |
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| Distinguishing Features of Some Agonists | |
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| Opioid Antagonists | |
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| Opioid Agonist-Antagonists | |
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| General Anesthetics | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Uptake and Distribution of Inhalational Anesthetics | |
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| Elimination of Inhalational Anesthetics | |
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| Potency of General Anesthetics | |
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| Specific Gases and Volatile Liquids | |
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| Specific Intravenous Agents | |
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| Local Anesthetics | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Mechanism of Action | |
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| Special Features About Individual Agents | |
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| Chemotherapeutic Agents | |
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| Introduction to Chemotherapy | |
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| Approach to the Antimicrobials | |
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| General Principles of Therapy | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Important Concepts to Understand | |
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| Classification of Antimicrobials | |
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| Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis | |
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| General Features | |
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| �-Lactams | |
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| Penicillins | |
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| Cephalosporins | |
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| Carbapenems | |
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| Monobactams (Aztreonam) | |
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| Other Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis | |
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| Vancomycin | |
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| Bacitracin | |
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| Fosfomycin | |
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| Daptomycin | |
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| Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | |
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| General Features | |
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| Aminoglycosides | |
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| Tetracyclines | |
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| Macrolides | |
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| Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones | |
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| Chloramphenicol | |
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| Clindamycin | |
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| Folate Antagonists | |
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| Mechanism of Action | |
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| Selected Features | |
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| Quinolones and Urinary Tract Antiseptics | |
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| Drugs in This Group | |
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| Quinolones | |
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| Methenamine | |
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| Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Isoniazid | |
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| Rifampin | |
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| Pyrazinamide | |
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| Ethambutol | |
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| Dapsone | |
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| Antifungal Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Azole Antifungals | |
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| Polyene Antifungals | |
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| Echinocandins | |
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| Terbinafine | |
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| Anthelmintic Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Drugs Used Against Cestodes and Trematodes | |
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| Drugs Used Against Nematodes | |
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| Drugs Used Against Filaria | |
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| Antiviral Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Anti-HIV Drugs | |
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| Drugs Used in Influenza | |
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| Other Antivirals | |
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| Antiprotozoal Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Metronidazole | |
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| Antimalarial Agents | |
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| Therapeutic Considerations | |
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| Special Features | |
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| Anticancer Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Terminology and General Principles of Therapy | |
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| Adverse Effects | |
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| Cytotoxic Drugs | |
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| Alkylating Agents | |
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| Antimetabolites | |
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| Antibiotics and Other Natural Products | |
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| Antibodies | |
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| Other Cytotoxic Drugs | |
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| Hormonal Agents | |
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| Kinase Inhibitors | |
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| Miscellaneous Agents | |
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| Drugs That Affect the Endocrine System | |
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| Adrenocortical Hormones | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Glucocorticoids | |
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| Mineralocorticoids | |
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| Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoid Synthesis | |
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| Sex Steroids | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Estrogens | |
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| Antiestrogens | |
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| Progestins | |
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| Antiprogestins | |
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| Oral Contraceptives | |
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| Androgens | |
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| Antiandrogens | |
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| GnRH Agonists and Antagonists | |
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| PDE5 Inhibitors | |
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| Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Thyroid Replacement Therapy | |
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| Drugs That Are Thyroid Downers | |
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| Parathyroid Drugs | |
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| Insulin, Glucagon, and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Insulins | |
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| Oral Hypoglycemic Agents | |
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| Miscellaneous Drugs | |
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| Histamine and Antihistamines | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| H<sub>1</sub> Receptor Antagonists | |
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| Respiratory Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| �-Agonists | |
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| Leukotriene Modifiers | |
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| Methylxanthines | |
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| Cholinergic Antagonists | |
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| Cromolyn and Omalizumab | |
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| Pulmonary Hypertension | |
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| Drugs that Affect the GI Tract | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Drugs That Act in the Upper GI Tract | |
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| Drugs That Act in the Lower GI Tract | |
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| Nonnarcotic Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | |
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| Cox-2 Inhibitors | |
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| Salicylates, Including Aspirin | |
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| Acetaminophen | |
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| Other Drugs for Arthritis | |
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| Antigout Agents | |
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| Drugs Used in the Treatment of Headaches | |
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| Immunosuppressives | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Calcineurin Inhibitors | |
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| Mycophenolate Mofetil and Azathioprine | |
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| Monoclonal Antibodies | |
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| Drugs Used in Osteoporosis | |
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| Organization of Class | |
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| Bisphosphonates | |
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| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators | |
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| Estrogens | |
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| Parathyroid Hormone | |
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| Calcitonin | |
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| Other Agents | |
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| Toxicology and Poisoning | |
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| Principles of Toxicology | |
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| General Principles in the Treatment of Poisoning | |
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| Specific Antidotes | |
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| Index | |