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| Preface | |
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| Overview of the Cardiovascular System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Homeostatic Role of the Cardiovascular System | |
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| The Basic Physics of Blood Flow | |
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| The Heart | |
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| The Vasculature | |
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| Blood | |
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| Foundation for Subsequent Chapters | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Cells | |
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| Mechanical Activity of the Heart | |
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| Relating Cardiac Muscle Cell Mechanics to Ventricular Function | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| The Heart Pump | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Cardiac Cycle | |
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| Determinants of Cardiac Output | |
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| Influences on Stroke Volume | |
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| Summary of Determinants of Cardiac Output | |
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| Cardiac Energetics | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Measurements of Cardiac Function | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Measurement of Cardiac Output | |
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| Cardiac Contractility Estimates | |
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| Measurement of Cardiac Excitation-The Electrocardiogram | |
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| Cardiac Dipoles and Electrocardiographic Records | |
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| Mean Electrical Axis and Axis Deviations | |
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| The Standard 12-Lead Electrocardiogram | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Cardiac Abnormalities | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Electrical Abnormalities and Arrhythmias | |
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| Valvular Abnormalities | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| The Peripheral Vascular System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Cardiovascular Transport | |
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| Basic Vascular Function | |
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| Measurement of Arterial Pressure | |
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| Determinants of Arterial Pressure | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Vascular Control | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Vascular Smooth Muscle | |
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| Control of Arteriolar Tone | |
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| Control of Venous Tone | |
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| Summary of Primary Vascular Control Mechanisms | |
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| Vascular Control of Coronary Blood Flow | |
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| Vascular Control in Specific Organs | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Hemodynamics | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Interaction of System Components | |
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| Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Status | |
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| Influence of Central Venous Pressure on Venous Return | |
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| Influence of Peripheral Venous Pressure on Venous Return | |
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| Determination of Cardiac Output and Venous Return by Central Venous Pressure | |
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| Clinical Implications of Abnormal Central Venous Pressures | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Regulation of Arterial Pressure | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Short-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure | |
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| Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Cardiovascular Responses to Physiological Stresses | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Effect of Respiratory Activity | |
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| Effect of Gravity | |
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| Effect of Exercise | |
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| Normal Cardiovascular Adaptations | |
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| Effect of Gender | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Circulatory Shock | |
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| Cardiac Disturbances | |
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| Hypertension | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Answers to Study Questions | |
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| Index | |