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Preface | |
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Heating Boiler Basics | |
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Hot Water and Steam | |
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Properties of hot water | |
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Properties of saturated steam | |
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History of Heating Boilers | |
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Types of Heating Boilers | |
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Classification based on use | |
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Classification based on material | |
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Classification based on fuel | |
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Classification based on tube type | |
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Miscellaneous boilers | |
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Heating Boiler Code | |
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Adoption of Boiler Code | |
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Steam Heating Boilers | |
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Steam Boilers | |
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Types of Steam Heating Boilers | |
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Space heating steam boilers | |
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Steam cooker | |
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Steam sterilizers | |
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Steam Heating System | |
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Piping arrangements | |
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Steam Heating System Components | |
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ASME Code Requirements | |
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Materials requirements | |
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Welding requirements | |
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Design of weldments | |
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Attachment welding | |
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Inspection | |
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Specifying a Steam Heating Boiler (Combination Gas/No. 2 Oil-Fired, 200 HP, IVlAWP 15 psi) | |
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Hot Water Heating Boilers | |
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Hot Water Heating Boilers | |
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Types of Hot Water Heating Boilers | |
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Hot water heating boilers for space heating | |
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Boosters for commercial dishwashers | |
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Hot Water Heating System | |
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Gravity system | |
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Forced circulation heating system | |
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Zone-controlled system | |
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Solar system application | |
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Hydronic Heating Systems | |
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Components of hydronic heating system | |
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Specifying a Hot Water Heating Boiler (Gas-Fired, Capacity 500 MBtu/hr, MAWP 150 psi) | |
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Hot Water Supply Boilers | |
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Hot Water Supply Boilers | |
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Types of Hot Water Supply Boilers | |
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Hot water supply boilers without tanks | |
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Hot water supply boilers with tanks | |
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Pool heaters | |
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Hot Water Supply System | |
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Hot water supply system with gravity tank | |
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Hot water supply with a pressurized tank | |
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Specifying a Hot Water Supply Boiler (Gas-Fired, Capacity 2,450,000 Btu/hr, MAWP 160 psi) | |
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Hot Water Heaters | |
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Working Principle | |
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Types of Hot Water Heaters | |
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Use type | |
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Tank type | |
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Water heaters based on fuels | |
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Miscellaneous water heaters | |
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Combination Space and Water Heaters | |
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Working principle | |
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Application | |
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Hot Water Heater System | |
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ASME Requirements | |
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General outline | |
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Material requirements | |
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Design | |
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Inspection and stamping | |
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Controls | |
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Installation | |
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Safety relief valve requirements | |
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Water supply | |
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Storage tanks | |
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Expansion tank | |
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Piping expansion | |
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Bottom drain valve | |
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Thermometer | |
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Maintenance and Repairs | |
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Inspection | |
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Specifying a Hot Water Heater (Gas-Fired, 125 Gallons, MAWP 160 psi) | |
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Cast Iron Boilers | |
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General Features | |
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Construction | |
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Major components | |
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Classification of Cast Iron Boilers | |
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Horizontal-sectional cast iron boiler | |
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Vertical-sectional cast iron boiler | |
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One-piece cast iron boiler | |
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ASME Code Requirements | |
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Material requirement | |
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Design requirements | |
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Assembly method | |
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Hydrostatic test | |
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Stamping requirements | |
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Manufacturer's data reports | |
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Prevention of Thermal Shock | |
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Maintenance | |
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Inspection | |
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Specifying a Cast Iron Boiler (Natural Gas-Fired Steam Boiler 100 HP, MAWP 15 psi) | |
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Modular Boilers | |
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Modular Systems | |
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Modular steam heating boilers | |
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Modular hot water boilers | |
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Modular hot water heaters | |
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Combination modular system | |
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Installation of Modular Boilers | |
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Individual modules | |
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Assembled modular boilers | |
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Boiler Design | |
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Cylindrical Parts under Internal Pressure | |
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Tubes | |
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Heads | |
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Flat Heads | |
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Cylindrical Parts under External Pressure | |
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Openings in Boilers | |
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Reinforcement Requirements for Openings | |
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Inspection and Access Openings | |
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Stayed Surfaces | |
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Staybolts | |
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Staying of Heads | |
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Tube Sheets | |
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Ligaments | |
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Tube Holes and Tube Attachments | |
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External Piping | |
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Pressure Relief Valves | |
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Types of Pressure Relief Valves | |
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Safety valves | |
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Relief valves | |
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Safety relief valves | |
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ASME Code Requirements | |
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Safety valve requirements for steam boilers | |
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Safety relief valve requirements for hot water boilers | |
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Safety and safety relief valves for tanks and heat exchangers | |
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T&P safety relief valves for hot water heater | |
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Minimum requirements for safety and safety relief valves | |
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Discharge capacities of safety and safety relief valves | |
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Calculation of capacity to be stamped on valves | |
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Specifying Presure Relief Valves | |
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Specifying a safety valve | |
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Specifying a safety relief valve | |
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Boiler Construction | |
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Material Requirement | |
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Stress values | |
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Minimum thickness | |
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Fabrication | |
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Specific welding requirements | |
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Inspection and Testing | |
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Stamping of Boilers | |
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Code symbol stamp | |
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Stamping of boilers | |
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Manufacturer's Data Reports | |
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Combustion Systems | |
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Fuels | |
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Gas | |
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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) | |
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Fuel oils | |
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Coal | |
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Electricity | |
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Fuel Burning Equipment | |
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Gas burning equipment | |
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Oil burning equipment | |
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Coal burning equipment | |
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NO[subscript x] Control | |
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NO[subscript x] control technologies | |
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Boiler Appurtenances | |
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Safety Valves and Safety Relief Valves | |
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Low-Water Fuel Cutoffs and Water Feeders | |
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Float-type low-water fuel cutoffs | |
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Electric probe-type low-water fuel cutoffs | |
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Steam Traps | |
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Thermostatic steam trap with a bellows element | |
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Thermostatic steam trap with a bimetallic element | |
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Inverted bucket steam trap | |
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Float and thermostatic (F&T) traps | |
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Thermodynamic disc steam traps | |
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Air Eliminators | |
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Condensate Return Pumps and Return Loop | |
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Hartford Loop | |
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Vacuum Return Pumps | |
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Circulating Pumps | |
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Expansion Tanks | |
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Oil Preheaters | |
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Fuel Oil Storage and Supply Systems | |
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Storage tanks | |
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Fuel strainers | |
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Pressure Gage | |
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Gage range | |
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Accuracy | |
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Calibration | |
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Siphon tubes | |
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Pressure or Altitude Gages | |
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Water Gage Glasses | |
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Pressure Controls | |
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Thermometers | |
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Temperature Controls | |
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Stop Valves | |
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Bottom Blow-off Valves | |
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Instruments and Controls | |
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Controls for Steam Heating Boilers | |
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Steam gages | |
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Water gage glasses | |
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Water column | |
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Pressure control | |
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Automatic low-water fuel cutoff | |
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Controls for Hot Water Heating or Hot Water Supply Boilers | |
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Pressure or altitude gage | |
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Thermometer | |
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Temperature control | |
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Low-water fuel cutoff | |
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Controls for All Boilers | |
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Instruments and control-mounted inside jackets | |
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Electrical | |
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Control circuits | |
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Limit controls | |
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Shutdown switches and circuit breakers | |
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Controls and heat-generating apparatus | |
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Controls and Safety Devices | |
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Operating controls | |
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Limit controls | |
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Safety controls | |
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Programming controls | |
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Testing of controls and safety devices | |
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Installation | |
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Boiler Room | |
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Safety | |
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Lighting | |
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Water and drain connections | |
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Fire protection | |
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Housekeeping | |
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Posting of certificates | |
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Recordkeeping | |
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Combustion Air | |
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Venting | |
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Boiler Placement | |
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Mounting pressure relief valves | |
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Feedwater and makeup water connections | |
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Oil heaters | |
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Storage tanks | |
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Expansion tanks | |
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Stop valves | |
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Bottom blow-off and drain valves | |
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Methods of support | |
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Piping | |
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Operation Tests | |
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Documentation | |
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Operation | |
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Boiler Operators and Engineers | |
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Steam Boiler Operation | |
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Cleaning and filling a new boiler | |
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Boiling out method | |
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Starting a boiler (single boiler installation) | |
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Condensation | |
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Cutting in an additional boiler | |
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Operation | |
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Removal of boiler from service | |
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Heating Boiler and Hot Water Supply Boiler Operation | |
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Cleaning and filling a new boiler | |
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Starting a new boiler (single boiler installation) | |
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Condensation | |
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Cutting in an additional boiler | |
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Operation | |
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Removal of boiler from service | |
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Periodic Tests | |
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Boiler Room Emergency | |
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Operation Log Sheet | |
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Inspection | |
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Authorized Inspectors | |
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Qualification | |
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Authorized inspector's responsibilities | |
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Inspection tools | |
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Boiler and Machinery Insurance | |
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Boiler Inspection | |
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First Inspection | |
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Routine Inspection | |
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Inspection of Steam Heating Boilers | |
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Inspection of Heating Boilers and Hot Water Supply Boilers | |
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Maintenance and Repairs | |
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Maintenance Tools | |
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Tube Cleaning | |
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Mechanical cleaning | |
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Chemical cleaning | |
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Tube Expansion | |
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Refractory Maintenance | |
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Preparing for Inspection | |
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Maintenance of Steam Heating Boilers | |
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Maintenance of Hot Water Heating and Hot Water Supply Boilers | |
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Boiler Repairs | |
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Water Treatment | |
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Boiler Water Troubles | |
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Water Treatment Chemicals | |
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Functions of Chemicals | |
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Treatment Alternatives | |
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Blowdown | |
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Feeders | |
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Procedures | |
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Treatment of Laid-Up Boilers | |
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Glossary of Terms | |
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Boilers and General Terms | |
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Fuels, Fire Burning Equipment, and Combustion | |
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Terms Relating to Water Treatment | |
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Extraction from Rules for the Construction of Low-Pressure Heating Boilers (1923) | |
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Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Ferrous Materials | |
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Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Nonferrous Materials | |
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Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Lined Materials | |
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Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Materials in Tension for Unlined Water Heaters | |
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First Inspection Report on Boilers | |
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Charts for Components under External Pressure | |
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Manufacturer's Data Report for All Types of Boilers Except Watertube and Those Made of Cast Iron | |
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Manufacturer's Data Report for Watertube Boilers | |
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Manufacturer's Master Data Report for Boilers Constructed from Cast Iron | |
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Manufacturer's Data Report for Water Heaters of Storage Tanks | |
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Manufacturer's/Installing Contractor's Report for ASME CSD-1 | |
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Properties of Water | |
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Properties of Saturated Steam | |
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Unit Conversions | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |