| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Factors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Judgment and Decision-Making | |
| |
| |
| Principles of Good Judgment and Decision-Making | |
| |
| |
| Good Judgment and Decision-Making in Practice | |
| |
| |
| Influences That Affect Judgment | |
| |
| |
| Hazardous Thought Patterns Exercise | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accurate Situation Assessment Leads to Good Situation Awareness | |
| |
| |
| |
| Recognition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Situation Awareness through Monitoring and Challenging | |
| |
| |
| Airborne Express DC-8--Breakdown in Situation Awareness | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crew Resource Management: The Integration of Interpersonal Skills and Technical Proficiency | |
| |
| |
| Interpersonal Communication | |
| |
| |
| Crew Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
| Reference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spatial Disorientation | |
| |
| |
| Senses and Spatial Orientation | |
| |
| |
| Visual and Vestibular Senses | |
| |
| |
| Sensory Illusions | |
| |
| |
| Types of Spatial Disorientation | |
| |
| |
| Prevention | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Part I Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| |
| American Airlines Flight 1420 | |
| |
| |
| |
| TWA Flight 843 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Korean Air Flight 801 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Avianca Flight 052 | |
| |
| |
| |
| American Eagle Flight 3379 | |
| |
| |
| |
| John F. Kennedy, Jr. | |
| |
| |
| |
| Delta Airlines Flight 106 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Singapore Airlines Flight 006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eastern Airlines Flight 401 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Runway Incursions | |
| |
| |
| Runway Incursion Severity Categories | |
| |
| |
| Reported Runway Incursions by Severity | |
| |
| |
| Distribution by Aircraft Type and Combination | |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Part II Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| |
| USAir Flight 1493 and Skywest Flight 5569 | |
| |
| |
| |
| TWA Flight 427 and a Cessna 441 | |
| |
| |
| |
| United Express 5925 and a Beechcraft King Air A90 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Northwest Flights 1482 and 299 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eastern Flight 111 and a Beechcraft King Air 100 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pan American Flight 1736 and KLM Flight 4805 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Weather | |
| |
| |
| |
| Air Masses and Fronts | |
| |
| |
| Air Masses | |
| |
| |
| Fronts | |
| |
| |
| Frontal Waves | |
| |
| |
| Occlusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cloud Formation | |
| |
| |
| Low Clouds | |
| |
| |
| Middle Clouds | |
| |
| |
| High Clouds | |
| |
| |
| Extensive Vertical Development | |
| |
| |
| Special Cloud Types | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thunderstorms | |
| |
| |
| Unstable Air | |
| |
| |
| Lifting Action | |
| |
| |
| Moisture | |
| |
| |
| Life Cycle of a Thunderstorm Cell | |
| |
| |
| Types of Thunderstorms | |
| |
| |
| Meteorological Observations | |
| |
| |
| Aircraft Performance in Heavy Rain | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Downbursts and Low-Level Windshear | |
| |
| |
| Macrobursts | |
| |
| |
| Microbursts | |
| |
| |
| Types of Microbursts | |
| |
| |
| Types of Parent Clouds | |
| |
| |
| Temperature Parameters | |
| |
| |
| Low-Level Windshear | |
| |
| |
| Indicators of Windshear | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Icing Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Stratiform Clouds | |
| |
| |
| Cumuliform Clouds | |
| |
| |
| Cirriform Clouds | |
| |
| |
| Structural Icing | |
| |
| |
| Ice Formation on Fixed-Wing Aircraft | |
| |
| |
| Frontal Zones | |
| |
| |
| Induction Icing | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| Convective Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| Mountain Range Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| Mountain Wave Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| Turbulence in Narrow Canyons and Gorges | |
| |
| |
| Flying Guidelines around a Mountain Wave | |
| |
| |
| Clear-Air Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wake-Vortex Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| Wake-Vortex Motion | |
| |
| |
| Atmospheric Factors | |
| |
| |
| Flying Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| Wake-Vortex Research | |
| |
| |
| Boeing 757 Safety Concern | |
| |
| |
| Wake-Vortex Accidents | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Part III Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| |
| USAir Flight 1016 | |
| |
| |
| |
| American Eagle Flight 4184 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Delta Airlines Flight 191 | |
| |
| |
| |
| USAir Flight 405 | |
| |
| |
| |
| China Airlines Flight CI-012 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Southern Airways Flight 242 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mid-Air Collisions | |
| |
| |
| Reference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mid-Air Collision Avoidance: From See-and-Avoid to Search-and-Detect | |
| |
| |
| Eye-Brain Connection | |
| |
| |
| Eye Movement | |
| |
| |
| Distant Visual Acuity | |
| |
| |
| Cockpit Creates Monocular Visual Areas | |
| |
| |
| Effective Scanning Based on Sectors | |
| |
| |
| Enhancing Visual Skills | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Part IV Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Cessna 340 and a North American T-6 | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Cessna Citation and a Cessna 172 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aeromexico Flight 498 and a Piper Cherokee | |
| |
| |
| |
| A U.S. Army U-21 and a Piper Navajo | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Mitsubishi MU-2 and a Piper Saratoga | |
| |
| |
| |
| PSA Flight 182 and a Cessna 172 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical and Maintenance | |
| |
| |
| Part V Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| |
| TWA Flight 800 | |
| |
| |
| |
| United Flight 585, USAir Flight 427, Eastwind Flight 517--A Compilation of Uncommanded Rudder Events in B-737 Aircraft | |
| |
| |
| |
| ValuJet Flight 592 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311 | |
| |
| |
| |
| United Airlines Flight 232 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Air France Flight 4590 | |
| |
| |
| |
| American Airlines Flight 191 | |
| |
| |
| Index | |