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| List of Tables and Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| The Aging Patient and Geriatric Assessment | |
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| Clinical Implications of the Aging Process | |
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| Changes Associated with "Normal" Aging | |
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| Biological Aging | |
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| Clinical Implications | |
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| Classifying Geriatric Problems | |
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| Diagnosis versus Functional Status | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Geriatric Patient: Demography, Epidemiology, and Health Services Utilization | |
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| Growth in Numbers | |
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| Disability | |
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| Social Support | |
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| Use of Services | |
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| Nursing Home Use | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Evaluating the Geriatric Patient | |
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| The History | |
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| The Physical Examination | |
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| Laboratory Assessment | |
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| Functional Assessment | |
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| Environmental Assessment | |
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| Assessment for Pain | |
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| Nutritional Assessment | |
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| Geriatric Consultation | |
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| Preoperative Evaluation | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Developing Clinical Expectations | |
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| Clinical Glide Paths | |
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| Disease Management | |
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| Benchmarks | |
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| Minimum Data Set for Nursing Homes | |
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| OASIS | |
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| Role of Outcomes in Assuring Quality of Long-Term Care | |
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| Technology for Quality Improvement | |
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| Computer Technology | |
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| Terminal Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Differential Diagnosis and Management | |
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| Prevention | |
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| General Principles | |
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| Effectiveness of Prevention in Older People | |
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| Osteoporosis | |
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| Generic Approaches | |
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| Preventing Disability | |
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| Iatrogenesis | |
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| Special Risks of Hospitals | |
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| Labeling | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Confusion: Delirium and Dementia | |
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| Defining Confusion | |
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| Differential Diagnosis of Confusion | |
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| Delirium | |
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| Dementia | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Management of Dementia | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Diagnosis and Management of Depression | |
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| Aging and Depression | |
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| Symptoms and Signs of Depression | |
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| Depression Associated with Medical Conditions | |
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| Diagnosing Depression | |
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| Management | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Incontinence | |
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| Normal Urination | |
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| Causes and Types of Incontinence | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Management | |
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| Fecal Incontinence | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Instability and Falls | |
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| Aging and Instability | |
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| Causes of Falls in Older Persons | |
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| Evidence on Falls Prevention | |
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| Evaluating the Elderly Patient Who Falls | |
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| Management | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Immobility | |
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| Causes | |
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| Complications | |
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| Assessing Immobile Patients | |
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| Management of Immobility | |
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| Pain Management | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Rehabilitation | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| General Management Strategies | |
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| Cardiovascular Disorders | |
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| Physiological Changes | |
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| Hypertension | |
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| Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks | |
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| Coronary Artery Disease | |
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| Valvular Heart Disease | |
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| Arrhythmias | |
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| Congestive Heart Failure | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Decreased Vitality | |
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| Endocrine Disease | |
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| Anemia | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Infections | |
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| Disorders of Temperature Regulation | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Sensory Impairment | |
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| Vision | |
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| Hearing | |
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| Taste | |
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| Polyneuropathy | |
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| Acknowledgment | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Drug Therapy | |
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| Nonpharmacological Factors Influencing Drug Therapy | |
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| Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions | |
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| Aging and Pharmacology | |
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| Geriatric Prescribing | |
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| Geriatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Health Services | |
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| Public Programs | |
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| Long-term Care | |
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| The Nursing Home | |
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| Assisted Living | |
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| Home Care | |
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| Other Services | |
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| Case Management | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Nursing Home Care | |
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| The Goals of Nursing Home Care | |
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| Clinical Aspects of Care for Nursing Home Residents | |
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| Process of Care in the Nursing Home | |
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| Strategies to Improve Medical Care in Nursing Homes | |
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| Subacute Care and the Nursing Home--Acute-Care Hospital Interface | |
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| Ethical Issues in Nursing Home Care | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Ethical Issues in the Care of Older Persons | |
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| Autonomy and Beneficence | |
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| Competence and Informed Consent | |
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| Advance Directives and End-of-Life Care | |
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| The Physician's Role | |
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| Special Problems with Nursing Home Residents | |
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| Special Case of Dementia | |
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| Policy Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Geriatric Medical Forms | |
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| Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | |
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| Lawton/Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale | |
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| Main Components of the Tinetti Fall Risk Scale | |
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| Reuben's Physical Performance Test | |
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| Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) | |
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| The Geriatric Depression Scale | |
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| Key Components of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: The Medical History and Physical Exam | |
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| Dementia Assessment | |
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| Incontinence Assessment | |
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| Assessment for Patients Who Fall | |
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| Selected Internet Resources on Geriatrics | |
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| Organizations | |
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| Clinical Topics-For Professionals | |
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| Clinical Topics-For Patients | |
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| Index | |