Preface | p. ix |
Basic Principles | p. 1 |
Fundamentals of the Nervous System | p. 1 |
General Plan of the Nervous System | p. 1 |
Peripheral Nervous System | p. 6 |
Planes & Terms | p. 6 |
References | p. 6 |
Nervous Tissue and Its Cells | p. 7 |
Cellular Aspects of Neural Development | p. 7 |
Neurons | p. 7 |
Neuronal Groupings & Connections | p. 11 |
Neuroglia | p. 11 |
Degeneration & Regeneration | p. 12 |
Neurogenesis | p. 17 |
References | p. 18 |
Signaling in the Nervous System | p. 19 |
Membrane Potential | p. 19 |
Generator Potentials | p. 20 |
Action Potentials | p. 21 |
The Nerve Cell Membrane Contains Ion Channels | p. 21 |
The Effects of Myelination | p. 22 |
Conduction of Action Potentials | p. 22 |
Synapses | p. 23 |
Clinical Illustration 3-1 | p. 24 |
Synaptic Transmission | p. 25 |
Excitatory & Inhibitory Synaptic Actions | p. 27 |
Synaptic Plasticity & Long-Term Potentiation | p. 27 |
Presynaptic Inhibition | p. 28 |
The Neuromuscular Junction & the End-Plate Potential | p. 28 |
Neurotransmitters | p. 29 |
Case 1 | p. 33 |
References | p. 34 |
Introduction to Clinical Thinking | p. 35 |
Introduction to Clinical Thinking: The Relationship Between Neuroanatomy and Neurology | p. 35 |
Symptoms & Signs of Neurologic Diseases | p. 35 |
Where is the Lesion? | p. 38 |
What is the Lesion? | p. 39 |
The Role of Neuroimaging & Laboratory Investigations | p. 40 |
Clinical Illustration 4-1 | p. 42 |
Clinical Illustration 4-2 | p. 42 |
The Treatment of Patients with Neurologic Disease | p. 43 |
Clinical Illustration 4-3 | p. 43 |
References | p. 44 |
Spinal Cord and Spine | p. 45 |
The Spinal Cord | p. 45 |
Development | p. 45 |
External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord | p. 45 |
Spinal Roots & Nerves | p. 48 |
Internal Divisions of the Spinal Cord | p. 51 |
Pathways in White Matter | p. 53 |
Clinical Illustration 5-1 | p. 58 |
Reflexes | p. 59 |
Lesions in the Motor Pathways | p. 63 |
Examples of Specific Spinal Cord Disorders | p. 68 |
Case 2 | p. 69 |
Case 3 | p. 69 |
References | p. 69 |
The Spinal Cord in Situ; Imaging | p. 70 |
Investing Membranes | p. 70 |
Spinal Cord Circulation | p. 71 |
Clinical Illustration 6-1 | p. 72 |
The Vertebral Column | p. 74 |
Lumbar Puncture | p. 75 |
Imaging of the Spine & Spinal Cord | p. 76 |
Case 4 | p. 77 |
Case 5 | p. 77 |
References | p. 80 |
Anatomy of the Brain | p. 81 |
The Brain Stem and Cerebellum | p. 81 |
Development of the Brain Stem & Cranial Nerves | p. 81 |
Organization of the Brain Stem | p. 81 |
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in the Brain Stem | p. 84 |
Medulla | p. 86 |
Pons | p. 89 |
Midbrain | p. 91 |
Vascularization | p. 92 |
Clinical Illustration 7-1 | p. 93 |
Clinical Illustration 7-2 | p. 94 |
Cerebellum | p. 94 |
Case 6 | p. 101 |
Case 7 | p. 101 |
References | p. 101 |
Cranial Nerves and Pathways | p. 102 |
Origin of Cranial Nerve Fibers | p. 102 |
Functional Components of the Cranial Nerves | p. 102 |
Anatomic Relationships of the Cranial Nerves | p. 103 |
Case 8 | p. 121 |
Case 9 | p. 121 |
References | p. 123 |
Diencephalon | p. 124 |
Thalamus | p. 124 |
Hypothalamus | p. 127 |
Subthalamus | p. 132 |
Epithalamus | p. 135 |
Circumventricular Organs | p. 135 |
Case 10 | p. 135 |
References | p. 136 |
Cerebral Hemispheres/Telencephalon | p. 137 |
Development | p. 137 |
Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres | p. 137 |
Microscopic Structure of the Cortex | p. 143 |
Physiology of Specialized Cortical Regions | p. 148 |
Basal Ganglia | p. 149 |
Internal Capsule | p. 152 |
Case 11 | p. 153 |
Case 12 | p. 153 |
References | p. 154 |
Ventricles and Coverings of the Brain | p. 155 |
Ventricular System | p. 155 |
Meninges & Spaces | p. 157 |
CSF | p. 159 |
Barriers in the Nervous System | p. 160 |
Skull | p. 162 |
Case 13 | p. 167 |
Case 14 | p. 168 |
References | p. 168 |
Vascular Supply | p. 169 |
Arterial Supply of the Brain | p. 169 |
Venous Drainage | p. 173 |
Cerebrovascular Disorders | p. 175 |
Clinical Illustration 12-1 | p. 182 |
Case 15 | p. 183 |
Case 16 | p. 185 |
References | p. 188 |
Functional Systems | p. 189 |
Control of Movement | p. 189 |
Control of Movement | p. 189 |
Major Motor Systems | p. 189 |
Motor Disturbances | p. 197 |
Case 17 | p. 201 |
Case 18 | p. 201 |
References | p. 201 |
Somatosensory Systems | p. 202 |
Receptors | p. 202 |
Connections | p. 202 |
Sensory Pathways | p. 202 |
Cortical Areas | p. 203 |
Pain | p. 203 |
Case 19 | p. 206 |
Case 20 | p. 207 |
References | p. 207 |
The Visual System | p. 208 |
The Eye | p. 208 |
Visual Pathways | p. 213 |
Clinical Illustration 15-1 | p. 217 |
The Visual Cortex | p. 218 |
Case 21 | p. 222 |
References | p. 222 |
The Auditory System | p. 223 |
Anatomy & Function | p. 223 |
Auditory Pathways | p. 225 |
Case 22 | p. 226 |
References | p. 228 |
The Vestibular System | p. 229 |
Anatomy | p. 229 |
Vestibular Pathways | p. 229 |
Functions | p. 230 |
Case 23 | p. 232 |
References | p. 232 |
The Reticular Formation | p. 233 |
Anatomy | p. 233 |
Functions | p. 233 |
References | p. 237 |
The Limbic System | p. 238 |
The Limbic Lobe & Limbic System | p. 238 |
Olfactory System | p. 238 |
Hippocampal Formation | p. 240 |
Clinical Illustration 19-1 | p. 241 |
Functions & Disorders | p. 246 |
Septal Area | p. 246 |
Case 24 | p. 248 |
References | p. 249 |
The Autonomic Nervous System | p. 250 |
Autonomic Outflow | p. 250 |
Autonomic Innervation of the Head | p. 256 |
Visceral Afferent Pathways | p. 257 |
Hierarchical Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System | p. 258 |
Transmitter Substances | p. 261 |
Case 25 | p. 265 |
References | p. 266 |
Higher Cortical Functions | p. 267 |
Frontal Lobe Functions | p. 267 |
Language & Speech | p. 267 |
Cerebral Dominance | p. 272 |
Memory & Learning | p. 273 |
Epilepsy | p. 273 |
Clinical Illustration 21-1 | p. 275 |
Case 26 | p. 276 |
Case 27 | p. 276 |
References | p. 276 |
Diagnostic Aids | p. 277 |
Imaging of the Brain | p. 277 |
Skull X-Ray Films | p. 277 |
Angiography | p. 277 |
Computed Tomography | p. 279 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 282 |
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | p. 282 |
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging | p. 283 |
Functional MRI | p. 284 |
Positron Emission Tomography | p. 284 |
Single Photon Emission CT | p. 286 |
References | p. 288 |
Electrodiagnostic Tests | p. 289 |
Electroencephalography | p. 289 |
Evoked Potentials | p. 290 |
Transcranial Motor Cortical Stimulation | p. 292 |
Electromyography | p. 292 |
Nerve Conduction Studies | p. 296 |
References | p. 297 |
Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination | p. 298 |
Indications | p. 298 |
Contraindications | p. 298 |
Analysis of the CSF | p. 298 |
Reference | p. 300 |
Discussion of Cases | p. 301 |
Discussion of Cases | p. 301 |
The Location of Lesions | p. 301 |
The Nature of Lesions | p. 302 |
Cases | p. 303 |
References | p. 319 |
The Neurologic Examination | p. 320 |
Testing Muscle Function | p. 328 |
Spinal Nerves and Plexuses | p. 345 |
Questions and Answers | p. 362 |
Index | p. 371 |
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