| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Amateur Radio | |
| |
| |
| Who Can Become a Ham Radio Operator? | |
| |
| |
| New Avenues into Amateur Radio | |
| |
| |
| About Amateur Radio | |
| |
| |
| A History of Amateur Radio | |
| |
| |
| Early pioneers | |
| |
| |
| Beginning of amateur radio | |
| |
| |
| First licenses for amateur radio operators | |
| |
| |
| The death knell for amateur radio | |
| |
| |
| The golden age of amateur radio | |
| |
| |
| Amateur Radio--A Scientific Hobby | |
| |
| |
| Amateur Radio Public Service | |
| |
| |
| The Path into Amateur Radio--The Technician Class License | |
| |
| |
| How to Prepare for the FCC Technician Class Examination | |
| |
| |
| The Federal Communications Commission | |
| |
| |
| The FCC Volunteer Examiner Program | |
| |
| |
| FCC Amateur Radio Operating Classes | |
| |
| |
| The Amateur Radio Frequency Spectrum | |
| |
| |
| FCC Rules and Regulations | |
| |
| |
| Part 97: Amateur Radio Service | |
| |
| |
| Amateur Call-Sign Allocations | |
| |
| |
| How to Learn International Morse Code | |
| |
| |
| What is Morse Code? | |
| |
| |
| How code is transmitted | |
| |
| |
| Who can learn Morse code? | |
| |
| |
| The FCC Written Examinations | |
| |
| |
| The VEC question pool | |
| |
| |
| Scheduling the examination | |
| |
| |
| Taking the examination | |
| |
| |
| Radio Communications Theory | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| The Radio Circuit--Transmitter to Receiver | |
| |
| |
| The Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
| |
| |
| Frequency and wavelength | |
| |
| |
| The radio frequency spectrum | |
| |
| |
| Wave propagation | |
| |
| |
| Types of Propagation | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of the Ionosphere on Radio Communications | |
| |
| |
| Ionospheric layers | |
| |
| |
| Sunspots affect the ionosphere | |
| |
| |
| High sunspot activity | |
| |
| |
| Propagation characteristics of the ionosphere | |
| |
| |
| Nighttime propagation conditions | |
| |
| |
| Principles of Electricity and Magnetism | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Fundamentals of Electricity | |
| |
| |
| Atoms and matter | |
| |
| |
| Negative and positive charges | |
| |
| |
| Electricity--the flow of electrons | |
| |
| |
| Units of voltage and current | |
| |
| |
| Conductors and insulators | |
| |
| |
| Resistance and resistors | |
| |
| |
| Some Basic Electrical Laws | |
| |
| |
| Ohm's law | |
| |
| |
| Resistors in series | |
| |
| |
| Resistors in parallel | |
| |
| |
| Series-parallel combinations | |
| |
| |
| Current flow in series dc circuits | |
| |
| |
| IR voltage drops | |
| |
| |
| Current flow in parallel dc circuits | |
| |
| |
| Magnetism | |
| |
| |
| The magnetic field | |
| |
| |
| Temporary and permanent magnets | |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| Magnetomotive force (MMF) | |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetic induction | |
| |
| |
| Alternating current and voltage | |
| |
| |
| The ac sine wave | |
| |
| |
| ac circuits | |
| |
| |
| Capacitors and Capacitance | |
| |
| |
| How capacitors work | |
| |
| |
| Capacitor voltage ratings | |
| |
| |
| Connecting capacitors in parallel | |
| |
| |
| Connecting capacitors in series | |
| |
| |
| Capacitive reactance | |
| |
| |
| Phase angle of capacitors | |
| |
| |
| Testing capacitors | |
| |
| |
| Inductors and Inductance | |
| |
| |
| Inductance | |
| |
| |
| Series inductors | |
| |
| |
| Parallel inductors | |
| |
| |
| Inductive reactance, X[subscript L] | |
| |
| |
| Phase angle of inductors | |
| |
| |
| Transformers | |
| |
| |
| Basic transformer concepts | |
| |
| |
| Testing inductors and transformers with a multimeter | |
| |
| |
| ac Circuit Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Impedance and phase angles | |
| |
| |
| Resonance and tuned circuits | |
| |
| |
| The Q of resonant circuits | |
| |
| |
| Power Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Power in a dc circuit | |
| |
| |
| Power in an ac circuit | |
| |
| |
| Maximum power transfer | |
| |
| |
| Tubes and Semiconductors | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Vacuum Tubes | |
| |
| |
| Thermionic Emission | |
| |
| |
| General Types of Vacuum Tubes | |
| |
| |
| Diodes | |
| |
| |
| The diode as an ac rectifier | |
| |
| |
| Triodes | |
| |
| |
| How triodes work | |
| |
| |
| Triode amplification action | |
| |
| |
| Limitations of triodes | |
| |
| |
| Tetrodes and Pentodes | |
| |
| |
| The tetrode | |
| |
| |
| Limitations of the tetrode | |
| |
| |
| The pentode | |
| |
| |
| The pentode as an amplifier | |
| |
| |
| Beam-power tubes | |
| |
| |
| Gas-filled tubes | |
| |
| |
| Cathode-ray tubes | |
| |
| |
| Diodes, Transistors, and Other Semiconductor Devices | |
| |
| |
| n-type semiconductor | |
| |
| |
| p-type semiconductor | |
| |
| |
| How semiconductor devices are made | |
| |
| |
| The pn junction | |
| |
| |
| How diodes work | |
| |
| |
| Reverse bias | |
| |
| |
| Diode circuits | |
| |
| |
| Special-Purpose Diodes | |
| |
| |
| The zener diode | |
| |
| |
| The varactor diode | |
| |
| |
| Transistors | |
| |
| |
| Bipolar transistor construction | |
| |
| |
| npn transistor operation | |
| |
| |
| pnp transistor operation | |
| |
| |
| Common-base amplifying circuits | |
| |
| |
| Common-emitter amplifier circuits | |
| |
| |
| Common-emitter design considerations | |
| |
| |
| Variations in transistor characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Voltage gain of common-emitter amplifier circuits | |
| |
| |
| Frequency limitations of transistors | |
| |
| |
| The common-collector configuration | |
| |
| |
| Summary of transistor characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Transistor testing | |
| |
| |
| Transistor testing with ohmmeters | |
| |
| |
| Field-Effect Transistors | |
| |
| |
| The junction field-effect transistor | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of junction field-effect transistors | |
| |
| |
| JFET circuit configurations | |
| |
| |
| Insulated-gate field-effect transistors | |
| |
| |
| Depletion-mode IGFET operation | |
| |
| |
| Enhancement-mode insulated-gate field-effect transistors | |
| |
| |
| Care and handling of insulated-gate semiconductor devices | |
| |
| |
| Optoelectronic Devices | |
| |
| |
| Photodiodes | |
| |
| |
| Light-emitting diodes | |
| |
| |
| LCD displays | |
| |
| |
| Integrated Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Types of integrated circuits | |
| |
| |
| A typical IC--the 555 timer | |
| |
| |
| Packaging of integrated circuits | |
| |
| |
| Linear and digital integrated circuits | |
| |
| |
| Power Supplies | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Power-Supply Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| The power transformer | |
| |
| |
| Rectifier circuits | |
| |
| |
| Filter circuits | |
| |
| |
| Electronic voltage regulators | |
| |
| |
| A word of caution | |
| |
| |
| Electronic Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Audio- and Radio-Frequency Amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| Basic Types of Amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| The ideal amplifier | |
| |
| |
| The Decibel | |
| |
| |
| Voltage and Current Ratios in Decibels | |
| |
| |
| Amplifier Power Levels | |
| |
| |
| Class-A, -B, -AB, and -C Amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| Amplifier Efficiency of Operation | |
| |
| |
| Interstage Coupling Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Direct coupling | |
| |
| |
| Resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling | |
| |
| |
| Transformer coupling | |
| |
| |
| Impedance coupling | |
| |
| |
| Push-Pull Operation | |
| |
| |
| Integrated-Circuit Amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| An IC Audio Amplifier for the Ham Shack | |
| |
| |
| The Oscillator: An Amplifier with Feedback | |
| |
| |
| The Basic Oscillator Circuit | |
| |
| |
| Oscillator Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| The Tuned LC Oscillator | |
| |
| |
| Oscillator Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Radio Transmitters | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| The CW Transmitter | |
| |
| |
| The Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Transmitter | |
| |
| |
| Amplitude-Modulated Transmitters | |
| |
| |
| Conventional AM transmitters | |
| |
| |
| AM carrier and sideband signals | |
| |
| |
| Single-Sideband Modulation | |
| |
| |
| Frequency Modulation | |
| |
| |
| FM transmitters | |
| |
| |
| Transmitter Performance Tests | |
| |
| |
| Transmitter frequency measurements | |
| |
| |
| Frequency counters | |
| |
| |
| Transmitter power measurements | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Radio Receivers | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Receiver Basics | |
| |
| |
| Reception | |
| |
| |
| Selection or selectivity | |
| |
| |
| Demodulation or detection | |
| |
| |
| Reproduction | |
| |
| |
| Simple Receivers | |
| |
| |
| Tuned radio-frequency (TRF) receivers | |
| |
| |
| Direct-conversion receivers | |
| |
| |
| The Superheterodyne Receiver | |
| |
| |
| RF amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| Local oscillators | |
| |
| |
| Mixers | |
| |
| |
| Regenerative-detector receivers | |
| |
| |
| IF amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| Detectors and beat-frequency oscillators | |
| |
| |
| Automatic gain control | |
| |
| |
| S meters | |
| |
| |
| Interference and Receiver Limitations | |
| |
| |
| Receiver Overload | |
| |
| |
| Harmonic Signals | |
| |
| |
| Constructing the "Sudden" 160- to 20-Meter Direct Conversion Receiver | |
| |
| |
| FM Receivers | |
| |
| |
| All about Transmission Lines and Antennas | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Transmission Line Basics | |
| |
| |
| Types of Transmission Lines | |
| |
| |
| Twin-lead lines | |
| |
| |
| Coaxial transmission lines | |
| |
| |
| Standing Waves | |
| |
| |
| Standing-wave ratios | |
| |
| |
| High-Frequency Antennas | |
| |
| |
| Half-wave doublet (or dipole) antenna | |
| |
| |
| Safety and other considerations | |
| |
| |
| Multiband antennas | |
| |
| |
| Vertical antennas | |
| |
| |
| Beam antennas | |
| |
| |
| Station Wiring Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| RF Radiation Safety and Radio Communications Practices and Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Radio Frequency Environmental Safety Practices | |
| |
| |
| Determining Compliance with FCC RF Safety Rules and Regulations | |
| |
| |
| General RF safety recommendations | |
| |
| |
| Radio Communications Practices | |
| |
| |
| Station installation | |
| |
| |
| Station layout | |
| |
| |
| Station wiring | |
| |
| |
| Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) | |
| |
| |
| Elimination of RFI | |
| |
| |
| How to Use Test Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Meter movements | |
| |
| |
| Ammeters | |
| |
| |
| Voltmeters | |
| |
| |
| Ohmmeters | |
| |
| |
| The multimeter | |
| |
| |
| Wattmeters | |
| |
| |
| Operating Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Operating courtesy | |
| |
| |
| CW or telegraph procedures | |
| |
| |
| Q signals | |
| |
| |
| The RST signal-reporting system | |
| |
| |
| Prosigns and standard abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| A Typical Contact on the Technician Bands | |
| |
| |
| Element 2--Technician Class Examination Question Pool | |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| The W5YI RF Safety Tables | |
| |
| |
| Index | |