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| Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Waste Generation and Management in a Technological Society | |
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| Issues in Solid Waste Management | |
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| Integrated Waste Management | |
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| Implementing Integrated Waste Management Strategies | |
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| Typical Costs for Major Waste Management Options | |
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| Framework for Decision Making | |
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| Key Factors for Success | |
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| Philosophy and Organization of this Handbook | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Federal Role in Municipal Solid Waste Management | |
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| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act | |
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| Clean Air Act | |
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| Clean Water Act | |
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| Federal Aviation Administration Guidelines | |
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| Flow Control Implications | |
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| Solid Waste State Legislation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Trends in Municipal Waste Generation and Management | |
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| The Waste Reduction Legislation Movement | |
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| The Effect of Legislation | |
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| State Municipal Solid Waste Legislation | |
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| State Planning Provisions | |
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| Permitting and Regulation Requirements | |
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| Waste Reduction Legislation | |
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| Establishing Waste Reduction Goals | |
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| Legislating Local Government Responsibility | |
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| Making Producers and Retailers Responsible for Waste | |
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| Advanced Disposal Fees | |
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| Special Waste Legislation | |
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| Market Development Initiatives | |
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| State Funding | |
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| Flow Control Legislation: Interstate Movement of Unprocessed and Processed Solid Waste | |
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| References | |
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| State Solid Waste Regulatory Agencies | |
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| Planning for Municipal Solid Waste Management Programs | |
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| State Solid Waste Management Planning | |
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| Local and Regional Solid Waste Management Planning | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Solid Waste Stream Characteristics | |
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| Municipal Solid Waste Defined | |
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| Methods of Characterizing Municipal Solid Waste | |
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| Materials in Municipal Solid Waste by Weight | |
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| Products in Municipal Solid Waste by Weight | |
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| Municipal Solid Waste Management | |
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| Discards of Municipal Solid Waste by Volume | |
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| The Variability of Municipal Solid Waste Generation | |
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| References | |
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| Source Reduction: Quantity and Toxicity | |
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| Quantity Reduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Effects of Source Reduction | |
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| Involvement by Government | |
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| Developing a Source Reduction Plan | |
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| Strategies for Source Reduction | |
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| References | |
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| Toxicity Reduction | |
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| The Toxicity of Trash | |
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| Waste Management Policy | |
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| Product Management Policy | |
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| Production Management Policy | |
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| A Sustainable Economy | |
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| References | |
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| Collection of Solid Waste | |
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| The Logistics of Solid Waste Collection | |
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| Types of Waste Collection Services | |
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| Types of Collection Systems, Equipment, and Personnel Requirements | |
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| Collection Routes | |
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| Management of Collection Systems | |
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| Collection System Economics | |
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| References | |
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| Recycling | |
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| Overview of Recycling | |
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| Recovery of Recyclable Materials from Solid Waste | |
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| Development and Implementation of Materials Recovery Facilities | |
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| Unit Operations and Equipment for Processing of Recyclables | |
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| Environmental and Public Health and Safety Issues | |
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| Recycling Economics | |
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| References | |
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| Markets and Products for Recycled Material | |
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| Sustainable Recycling | |
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| Recycling Markets | |
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| Market Development | |
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| Trade Issues | |
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| References | |
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| Household Hazardous Wastes (HHW) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Problems of Household Hazardous Products | |
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| HHW Regulation and Policy | |
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| Product Stewardship and Sustainability | |
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| Education and Outreach | |
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| HHW Collection, Trends, and Infrastructure | |
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| References | |
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| Other Special Wastes | |
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| Batteries | |
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| Automobile and Household Batteries | |
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| References | |
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| Used Oil | |
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| Used Oil | |
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| Scrap Tires | |
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| Background | |
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| Source Reduction and Reuse | |
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| Disposal of Waste Tires | |
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| Alternatives to Disposal | |
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| References | |
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| Construction and Demolition (C&D) Debris | |
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| Sources, Characteristics, and Quantities of C&D Debris | |
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| Regulations Governing C&D Materials and Debris | |
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| Management of C&D Debris | |
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| Specifications for Recovered C&D Debris | |
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| Management of Debris from Natural and Humanmade Disasters | |
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| References | |
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| Computer and Other Electronic Solid Waste | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Hazardous Components in Computers and Electronic Waste | |
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| Disposing of Computers is Hazardous | |
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| Extended Producer Responsibility and Electronic Toxin Phaseouts | |
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| Can a Clean Computer Be Designed? | |
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| What Can You Do As a Computer Owner? | |
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| Contacts and Resources for Dealing with Computer Waste | |
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| References | |
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| Composting of Municipal Solid Wastes | |
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| Principles | |
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| Technology | |
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| Economics | |
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| Marketing Principles and Methods | |
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| Environmental, Public, and Industrial Health Considerations | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Partial Listing of Vendors of Equipment and Systems for Composting MSW and Other Organic Wastes | |
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| Costs for Composting MSW and Yard Wastes | |
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| Waste-to-Energy Combustion Introduction | |
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| Incineration Technologies | |
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| Incineration | |
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| References | |
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| Ash Management and Disposal | |
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| Sources and Types of Ash Residues | |
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| Properties of Ash Residues | |
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| Ash Management | |
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| Landfill Disposal | |
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| Regulatory Aspects | |
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| Actual Leaching of MWC Ash | |
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| Treatment of Ash Residues | |
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| Environmental Impact of Ash Residue Use | |
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| Ash Management Around the World | |
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| Beneficial Use of Residues | |
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| Analysis of Ash Residue Test Data | |
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| References | |
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| Emission Control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Emissions from Combustion | |
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| Emission Standards and Guidelines | |
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| Emission Control Devices | |
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| Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Factors | |
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| Variability of Emissions | |
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| Dispersion of Pollutants from Stack to Ground | |
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| Risk Assessment | |
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| Calculation of Municipal Waste Combustor Emissions | |
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| Conversions and Corrections | |
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| References | |
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| Landfilling | |
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| The Landfill Method of Solid Waste Disposal | |
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| Generation and Composition of Landfill Gases | |
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| Formation, Composition, and Management of Leachate | |
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| Intermediate and Final Landfill Cover | |
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| Structural and Settlement Characteristics of Landfills | |
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| Landfill Design Considerations | |
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| Landfill Operation | |
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| Environmental Quality Monitoring at Landfills | |
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| Landfill Closure, Postclosure Care, and Remediation | |
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| References | |
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| Siting Municipal Solid Waste Facilities | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Understanding the Sources of Public Concern | |
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| A Typical Siting Chronology | |
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| Building Consensus on Siting Choices | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Financing and Life-Cycle Costing of Solid Waste Management Systems | |
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| Financing Options | |
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| Issues in Financing Choices | |
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| Steps to Secure System Financing | |
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| Life-Cycle Costing | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |