Preface | |
About the Second Edition | |
What is Morality? | p. 1 |
The Problem of Definition | |
An Example of Moral Reasoning: Baby Jane Doe | |
Reason and Impartiality | |
The Minimum Conception of Morality | |
The Challenge of Cultural Relativism | p. 15 |
How Different Cultures Have Different Moral Codes | |
Cultural Relativism | |
The Cultural Differences Argument | |
The Consequences of Taking Cultural Relativism Seriously | |
Why There Is Less Disagreement Than It Seems | |
How All Cultures Have Some Values in Common | |
What Can Be Learned from Cultural Relativism | |
Subjectivism in Ethics | p. 30 |
The Basic Idea of Ethical Subjectivism | |
The Evolution of the Theory | |
The First Stage: Simple Subjectivism | |
The Second Stage: Emotivism | |
Emotivism, Reason, and "Moral Facts" | |
The Example of Homosexuality | |
Does Morality Depend on Religion? | p. 44 |
The Presumed Connection Between Morality and Religion | |
The Divine Command Theory | |
The Theory of Natural Law | |
Christianity and the Problem of Abortion | |
Psychological Egoism | p. 62 |
Is Unselfishness Possible? | |
The Strategy of Reinterpreting Motives | |
Two Arguments in Favor of Psychological Egoism | |
Clearing Away Some Confusions | |
The Deepest Error in Psychological Egoism | |
Ethical Egoism | p. 75 |
Is There a Duty to Contribute for Famine Relief? | |
Three Arguments in Favor of Ethical Egoism | |
Three Arguments Against Ethical Egoism | |
The Utilitarian Approach | p. 90 |
The Revolution in Ethics | |
First Example: Euthanasia | |
Second Example: Nonhuman Animals | |
The Debate Over Utilitarianism | p. 102 |
The Resilience of the Theory | |
Is Happiness the Only Thing That Matters? | |
Are Consequences All That Matter? | |
The Defense of Utilitarianism | |
What Is Correct and What Is Incorrect in Utilitarianism | |
Are There Absolute Moral Rules? | p. 117 |
Kant and The Categorical Imperative | |
Absolute Rules and the Duty Not to Lie | |
Conflicts Between Rules | |
Another Look at Kant's Basic Idea | |
Kant and Respect for Persons | p. 127 |
The Idea of "Human Dignity" | |
Retribution and Utility in the Theory of Punishment | |
Kant's Retributivism | |
The Idea of a Social Contract | p. 139 |
Hobbes's Argument | |
The Prisoner's Dilemma | |
Some Advantages of the Social Contract Theory of Morals | |
The Problem of Civil Disobedience | |
Difficulties for the Theory | |
The Ethics of Virtue | p. 159 |
The Ethics of Virtue and the Ethics of Right Action | |
Should We Return to the Ethics of Virtue? | |
The Virtues | |
Some Advantages of Virtue Ethics | |
The Incompleteness of Virtue Ethics | |
What Would a Satisfactory Moral Theory Be Like? | p. 180 |
Morality Without Hubris | |
The Moral Community | |
Justice and Fairness | |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 194 |
Notes on Sources | p. 202 |
Index | p. 207 |
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