Foundation for Effective Financial Statement Analysis | p. 1 |
Overview of Financial Reporting and Financial Statement Analysis | p. 3 |
Learning Objectives | p. 3 |
Overview of Financial Statement Analysis | p. 4 |
Identify the Industry Economic Characteristics | p. 5 |
Tools for Studying Industry Economics | p. 8 |
Value Chain Analysis | p. 8 |
Porter's Five Forces Classification | p. 9 |
Economics Attributes Framework | p. 11 |
Identify the Company Strategy | p. 12 |
Framework for Strategy Analysis | p. 13 |
Application of Strategy Framework to Coke | p. 14 |
Principal Financial Statements and Notes | p. 15 |
Balance Sheet--Measuring Financial Position | p. 15 |
Income Statement--Measuring Operating Performance | p. 21 |
Statement of Cash Flows | p. 28 |
Summary of Financial Statements and Notes | p. 30 |
Profitability and Risk Analysis | p. 30 |
Tools of Profitability and Risk Analysis | p. 32 |
Valuation of Firms | p. 36 |
Price-Earnings Ratio | p. 36 |
Market-to-Book-Value Ratio | p. 36 |
Role of Financial Statement Analysis in an Efficient Capital Market | p. 37 |
Sources of Financial Statement Information | p. 38 |
Summary | p. 39 |
Problems and Cases | p. 40 |
Nike: Somewhere Between a Swoosh and a Slam Dunk | p. 54 |
Income Flows Versus Cash Flows: Key Relationships in Understanding the Dynamics of a Business | p. 64 |
Learning Objectives | p. 64 |
Income Flows, Cash Flows, and Life Cycle Relations | p. 65 |
Net Income and Cash Flow from Operations | p. 65 |
Relationships of Cash Flows from Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities | p. 69 |
Illustrations of Cash Flow Relations | p. 71 |
Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows | p. 79 |
Algebraic Formulation | p. 79 |
Classifying Changes in Balance Sheet Accounts | p. 81 |
Illustration of Procedure for Preparing Cash Flow Statement | p. 85 |
Summary | p. 88 |
Problems and Cases | p. 89 |
W.T. Grant Co. | p. 102 |
Introduction to Profitability and Risk Analysis | p. 124 |
Learning Objectives | p. 124 |
Profitability Analysis | p. 125 |
Rate of Return on Assets | p. 125 |
Disaggregating ROA | p. 127 |
Analyzing the Profit Margin | p. 128 |
Analyzing Assets Turnover | p. 135 |
Analysis of Segment Data | p. 140 |
Rate of Return on Common Shareholders' Equity | p. 142 |
Risk Analysis | p. 145 |
Short-Term Liquidity Risk | p. 147 |
Long-Term Solvency Risk | p. 151 |
Interpreting Financial Statement Ratios | p. 155 |
Comparisons with Corresponding Ratios of Earlier Periods | p. 155 |
Comparisons with Corresponding Ratios of Other Firms | p. 156 |
Summary | p. 157 |
Earnings Per Common Share | p. 160 |
Problems and Cases | p. 163 |
Profitability and Risk Analysis of Wal-Mart Stores | p. 182 |
Specialty Retailing Industry Analysis: The Gap and the Limited | p. 187 |
Impact of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles on Profitability and Risk Analysis | p. 198 |
Relevant Financial Statement Data for Analysis | p. 201 |
Learning Objectives | p. 201 |
The Raw Data of Financial Statements | p. 202 |
Reporting Earnings and Economic Value-Added | p. 203 |
Earnings Sustainability | p. 205 |
Discontinued Operations | p. 206 |
Extraordinary Items | p. 210 |
Changes in Accounting Principles | p. 211 |
Impairment Losses on Long-Lived Assets | p. 215 |
Restructuring Charges | p. 219 |
Changes in Estimates | p. 222 |
Gains and Losses from Peripheral Activities | p. 225 |
Management's Analysis of Operations | p. 227 |
Summary of Earnings Sustainability | p. 228 |
Earnings Measurement and Management | p. 229 |
Earnings Measurement | p. 229 |
Earnings Management | p. 229 |
Restated Financial Statement Data | p. 232 |
Account Classification Differences | p. 235 |
Reporting Period Differences | p. 236 |
Financial Reporting Worldwide | p. 239 |
Summary | p. 243 |
Problems and Cases | p. 244 |
International Paper: A Recurring Dilemma | p. 264 |
Tanaguchi Corporation--Part A | p. 269 |
Unconsolidated Financial Statements for Tanaguchi Corporation | p. 272 |
Comparison of U.S. and Japanese GAAP | p. 275 |
Tanaguchi Corporation--Part B | p. 280 |
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: Income Recognition and Asset Valuation | p. 283 |
Learning Objectives | p. 283 |
Income Recognition | p. 284 |
Income Recognition and Earnings Management | p. 285 |
Criteria for Revenue Recognition | p. 286 |
Criteria for Expense Recognition | p. 289 |
Application of Revenue and Expense Recognition Criteria | p. 289 |
Income Recognition for Long-Term Contractors | p. 293 |
Revenue Recognition When Cash Collectibility Is Uncertain | p. 297 |
Disclosure of Revenue Recognition Method | p. 299 |
Inventory Cost Flow Assumption | p. 302 |
FIFO | p. 302 |
LIFO | p. 303 |
Weighted Average | p. 306 |
Conversion from LIFO to FIFO | p. 306 |
Stock Price Reaction to Changes in Inventory Cost Flow Assumption | p. 310 |
Earnings Sustainability and the Cost Flow Assumption | p. 310 |
Accounting for Fixed Assets | p. 312 |
Asset Valuation | p. 313 |
Depreciable Life | p. 314 |
Depreciation Method | p. 316 |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | p. 317 |
Earnings Sustainability and Fixed Asset Reporting | p. 318 |
Accounting for Intangible Assets | p. 320 |
Research and Development Costs | p. 321 |
Software Development Costs | p. 322 |
Goodwill | p. 324 |
Earnings Sustainability and Intangible Asset Reporting | p. 325 |
Valuing Intangibles--Is It Possible? | p. 326 |
Summary | p. 328 |
Accounting for the Effects of Changing Prices | p. 328 |
Problems and Cases | p. 334 |
Arizona Land Development Company | p. 343 |
Chiron Corporation--An RandD Puzzle | p. 353 |
Corporation Industrial Sanluis: Coping with Changing Prices | p. 356 |
America Online: Online or Off-Track | p. 360 |
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: Liability Recognition and Related Expenses | p. 370 |
Learning Objectives | p. 370 |
Principles of Liability Recognition | p. 371 |
Obligations with Fixed Payment Dates and Amounts | p. 372 |
Obligations with Fixed Payment Amounts but Estimated Payment Dates | p. 372 |
Obligations with Estimated Payment Dates and Amounts | p. 373 |
Obligations Arising from Advances from Customers on Unexecuted Contracts and Agreements | p. 373 |
Obligations Under Mutually Unexecuted Contracts | p. 373 |
Contingent Obligations | p. 374 |
Controversial Issues in Liability Recognition | p. 375 |
Issuance of Hybrid Securities | p. 375 |
Off-Balance-Sheet Financing Arrangements | p. 376 |
Derivative Instruments | p. 380 |
Principles of Liability Valuation | p. 386 |
Leases | p. 388 |
Operating Lease Method | p. 389 |
Capital Lease Method | p. 390 |
Choosing the Accounting Method | p. 392 |
Effects on Lessor | p. 394 |
Lease Accounting for Tax Purposes | p. 395 |
Converting Operating Leases to Capital Leases | p. 395 |
Retirement Benefits | p. 398 |
Pensions | p. 398 |
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions | p. 410 |
Income Taxes | p. 411 |
Overview Of Income Tax Accounting | p. 411 |
Required Income Tax Disclosures | p. 414 |
Assessing a Firm's Tax Position | p. 422 |
Income Tax Disclosures | p. 423 |
Is the Deferred Tax Liability Really a Liability? | p. 424 |
Understanding Reserves in the Financial Statements | p. 425 |
Nature of a Reserve Account | p. 426 |
Use of Reserve Accounts | p. 426 |
Summary of Reserves | p. 428 |
Summary | p. 429 |
Problems and Cases | p. 429 |
American Airlines and United Airlines: A Pension for Debt | p. 446 |
Sun Microsystems: A Not-Too-Taxing Experience | p. 453 |
CIFRA: Remodeling the Financial Statements | p. 456 |
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: Intercorporate Entities | p. 461 |
Learning Objectives | p. 461 |
Corporate Acquisitions | p. 462 |
Purchase Method | p. 464 |
Pooling of Interests Method | p. 465 |
Criteria for Pooling of Interests | p. 466 |
Purchase versus Pooling of Interest Reporting: Which Is Preferable to Analysts? | p. 467 |
Corporate Acquisitions and Income Taxes | p. 470 |
Corporate Disclosures on Acquisitions | p. 471 |
Investments in Securities | p. 473 |
Types of Investments | p. 474 |
Minority, Passive Investments | p. 475 |
Minority, Active Investments | p. 478 |
Majority, Active Investments | p. 480 |
Joint Venture Investments | p. 489 |
Income Tax Consequences of Investments in Securities | p. 490 |
Foreign Currency Translation | p. 491 |
Functional Currency Concept | p. 491 |
Translation Methodology--Foreign Currency Is Functional Currency | p. 493 |
Translation Methodology--U.S. Dollar Is Functional Currency | p. 496 |
Implications of Functional Currency Determination | p. 498 |
Interpreting Financial Statement Disclosures | p. 501 |
Foreign Currency Translation and Income Taxes | p. 502 |
Segment Reporting | p. 503 |
Definition of Segments | p. 503 |
Transfer Pricing and Treatment of Central Corporate Expenses | p. 504 |
Segments Items Disclosed | p. 504 |
Summary | p. 505 |
Problems and Cases | p. 505 |
Fisher Corporation | p. 522 |
Clark Equipment Company: Analyzing a Joint Problem | p. 541 |
Loucks Corporation: Obtaining Security in Translation | p. 547 |
Exploring Profitability and Risk Analysis in More Depth | p. 550 |
Profitability Analysis: An Extended Look | p. 553 |
Learning Objectives | p. 553 |
Rate of Return on Assets | p. 553 |
Interpreting the Rate of Return on Assets | p. 554 |
Relating ROAs and Value Chain Analysis | p. 566 |
Supplementing ROAs in Profitability Analysis | p. 569 |
Rate of Return on Common Shareholders' Equity | p. 572 |
Behavior of ROCE | p. 573 |
Summary | p. 577 |
Problems and Cases | p. 578 |
Computer Workstation Industry Analysis: Hewlett-Packard and Sun Microsystems | p. 592 |
Wireless Telecommunications Industry Analysis: Motorola, Nokia, and Ericsson | p. 603 |
Risk Analysis: An Extended Look | p. 619 |
Learning Objectives | p. 619 |
Definition of Risk | p. 620 |
Analyzing Credit Risk | p. 620 |
Sources of Debt Financing | p. 620 |
The C's of Credit Risk Analysis | p. 621 |
Summary of Credit Risk Analysis | p. 627 |
Analyzing Bankruptcy Risk | p. 628 |
The Bankruptcy Process | p. 628 |
Models of Bankruptcy Prediction | p. 628 |
Application of Bankruptcy Prediction Models to W.T. Grant Company | p. 636 |
Other Methodological Issues in Bankruptcy Prediction Research | p. 638 |
Synthesis of Bankruptcy Prediction Research | p. 640 |
Market Risk | p. 643 |
Summary | p. 648 |
Problems and Cases | p. 649 |
Massachusetts Stove Company--Bank Lending Decision | p. 653 |
Fly-by-Night International Group: Can This Company Be Saved? | p. 659 |
Millennial Technologies: Apocalypse Now | p. 669 |
Kroger Company: Risky Times | p. 679 |
Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation | p. 684 |
Pro Forma Financial Statements | p. 687 |
Learning Objectives | p. 687 |
Preparing Pro Forma Financial Statements | p. 688 |
Project Sales and Other Revenues | p. 690 |
Project Operating Expenses | p. 693 |
Project the Assets on the Balance Sheet | p. 694 |
Project Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | p. 704 |
Project the Cost of Financing, Income Tax Expense, and the Change in Retained Earnings | p. 709 |
Project the Statement of Cash Flows | p. 710 |
Analyzing Pro Forma Financial Statements | p. 712 |
Summary | p. 714 |
Designing a Computer Spreadsheet for Pro Forma Financial Statements | p. 715 |
Problems and Cases | p. 722 |
McDonald's Corporation--A Franchising Experience | p. 731 |
Massachusetts Stove Company: Analyzing Strategic Options | p. 736 |
Valuation: Cash Flow-Based Approaches | p. 746 |
Learning Objectives | p. 746 |
Rationale for Cash Flow-Based Valuation | p. 747 |
Overview of Cash Flow-Based Valuation | p. 748 |
Periodic Cash Flows | p. 748 |
Residual Value | p. 755 |
Cost of Capital | p. 757 |
Illustrations of Cash Flow-Based Valuation | p. 761 |
Valuation of a Single Project | p. 761 |
Valuation of Coke | p. 764 |
Evaluation of Present Value of Cash Flows Valuation Method | p. 766 |
Summary | p. 767 |
Problems and Cases | p. 767 |
Holmes Corporation: LBO Valuation | p. 772 |
Rodriguez Home Center, Inc.: Equity Buyout Valuation | p. 786 |
Valuation: Earnings-Based Approaches | p. 794 |
Learning Objectives | p. 794 |
Price-Earnings (P-E) Ratios | p. 795 |
Development of Theoretical Model | p. 795 |
Theoretical versus Actual P-E Ratios | p. 800 |
Application of Theoretical P-E Model | p. 803 |
Summary of P-E Ratio | p. 804 |
Price to Book Value (P-BV) Ratios | p. 805 |
Development of Theoretical Model | p. 805 |
Application of Theoretical Model | p. 808 |
Using P-E Ratios and P-BV Ratios of Comparable Firms | p. 810 |
Summary Comments on Valuation | p. 811 |
Reconciling Academic Research with the Work of the Security Analyst | p. 812 |
Level of Aggregation Issue | p. 812 |
Theory Development and Practice Feed One Another | p. 813 |
Does the Theory of Capital Market Efficiency Get in the Way? | p. 813 |
Summary | p. 815 |
Problems and Cases | p. 815 |
Revco D.S., Inc. | p. 819 |
Kleen Cleaning Services: Pricing an Initial Public Offering | p. 833 |
Financial Statements for the Coca-Cola Company and Subsidiaries | p. 839 |
Financial Review for the Coca-Cola Company and Subsidiaries Incorporating Management's Discussion and Analysis | p. 871 |
Output of Financial Statement Analysis Package (FSAP) for the Coca-Cola Company and Subsidiaries | p. 889 |
Index | p. 896 |
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