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Understanding Your Equipment and Using It | |
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The Camera | |
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Identify Camera Parts | |
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The Camera Body and Shutter | |
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The Lens and Aperture | |
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Focal Length | |
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Zoom Lenses | |
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Focusing Systems and Focus | |
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Depth of Field | |
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F-Stops | |
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Self-Timer | |
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Loading and Unloading Film | |
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Lenses and Filters | |
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Choosing a Lens | |
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Wide-Angle Lenses | |
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Telephoto Lenses | |
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Zoom Lenses | |
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Zoom vs. Fixed-Focal-Length Lenses | |
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Teleconverters | |
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Pre-Focus Using the Depth-of-Field Scale | |
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Lens Hoods | |
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Lens Filters for Creative and Technical Uses | |
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Black and White Film | |
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How Film Works | |
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ISO, ASA, and Exposure | |
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Slow-Speed Films | |
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Medium-Speed Films | |
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Fast-Speed Films | |
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High-Speed Films | |
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Choosing the Right Speed | |
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How Film Speeds Relate to Each Other | |
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Various Film Developers and Their Characteristics | |
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How to Adjust Film Speed/Pushing and Pulling | |
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Bulk Loading | |
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Using a Light Meter | |
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Operating an Exposure Meter | |
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How They Work | |
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How to Use It | |
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How to Overcome the Shortcomings | |
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Using Hand-Held, Incident Light Meters | |
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Using the Sekonic Studio Deluxe II | |
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Using the Sekonic Flashmate and Minolta Flashmate V | |
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Using Spot Meters | |
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Operating Camera Meters | |
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Reading for Middle Gray | |
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Camera Flashes | |
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How a Flash Works | |
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Using a Flash | |
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The Vivitar 285 | |
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The Vivitar 2000 | |
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Camera Synch Speeds | |
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Flash Exposure Using Guide Numbers | |
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Choosing a Flash for Different Purposes | |
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Flash Techniques | |
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Hand-Held, Off-the-Camera Flash | |
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The Bounce Flash | |
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The Handkerchief | |
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Off-Camera Flash with a Light Stand | |
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Off-Camera Flash with an Umbrella | |
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Multiple Flashes | |
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Flash Fill | |
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Open Flash | |
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Medium-Format Cameras | |
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What Is Medium Format? | |
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The Advantages of Medium Format | |
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Types of Medium-Format Cameras | |
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Medium-Format Lenses | |
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Medium-Format Lenses with Shutters | |
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Depth of Field with Medium-Format Lenses | |
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Large-Format Cameras | |
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Types of Large-Format Cameras | |
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View Cameras | |
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Field Cameras | |
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Large-Format Film | |
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Characteristics of Large-Format Negatives | |
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How to Use Large-Format Cameras | |
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Loading the Film | |
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Taking the Photograph | |
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Camera Movements on View Cameras | |
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Camera Movements on Field Cameras | |
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Bellows Extension | |
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Large-Format Lenses | |
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Buying New and Used Equipment | |
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Choosing and Selecting New Equipment | |
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Recognize the Value of Professional-Grade Equipment | |
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Ask Yourself What You Need | |
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Know Where to Go | |
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Choosing and Selecting Used Equipment | |
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Caring for Your Photographic Equipment | |
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Identifying Some Useful Accessories | |
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Increasing Creativity with Specialty Cameras | |
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Digital Black and White Photography | |
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Understanding How Digital Works | |
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How the CCD Captures the Image | |
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Choosing a Digital Camera | |
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Choosing the Resolution of Your Pictures | |
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Using a Digital Camera | |
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Identifying the Types of Digital Camera Lenses | |
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Downloading Your Images | |
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Understanding Basic Photoshop Manipulation | |
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Scanning Negatives, Slides, and Prints | |
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Printing Digital Images | |
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Taking Pictures | |
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Photo Assignments: It's All About Light | |
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Making Pictures About Light | |
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Direct Sunlight | |
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Overcast Light | |
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Open Shade | |
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PHotographic Effects | |
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The Golden Hour | |
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Seeing the World in Black and White | |
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Framing Your Images in the Camera | |
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Utilizing Off-Center Composition | |
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Tilting the Frame | |
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Composing with a Foreground, Middle Ground, and Background | |
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Photographing from Various Vantage Points | |
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Panning | |
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Making Pictures | |
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Identifying Some Legal and Ethical Issues | |
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Photo Assignments: Portraits and Self-Portraits | |
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Portraits | |
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Making Portraits | |
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Getting the Subject to Feel Comfortable | |
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Exhibiting Confidence Begets Their Confidence | |
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Candid and Formal Portraits | |
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Location | |
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Environmental Portraits | |
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Studio Portraits | |
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Portrait Techniques and Equipment | |
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Lighting | |
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Composition and Posing | |
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Photographing More Than One Person | |
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Self-Portraits | |
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Photography and Representation | |
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Photo Assignments: Landscape and Architecture | |
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Landscape Photography | |
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Techniques | |
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Composition | |
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The Rule of Thirds | |
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Vantage Point | |
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Research | |
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Equipment | |
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Which Lens to Use | |
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Architectural Photography | |
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Lighting | |
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Composition | |
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Foreground, Middle Ground, and Background | |
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Juxtaposition | |
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Two Vantage Points | |
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Equipment | |
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Which Lens to Use | |
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Films and Filters | |
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Photo Assignments: Night Photography | |
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Night Photography | |
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Techniques and Equipment | |
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Fast Film | |
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Fast Lenses | |
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Pushing Film | |
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Tripods | |
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Flash Photography at Night | |
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Long Exposures | |
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Exposure Readings at Night | |
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Studio Photography | |
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Defining the Studio | |
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Using Studio Strobes | |
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Creating Different Backgrounds | |
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Setting Up Portrait Lighting | |
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Short Lighting | |
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Broad Lighting | |
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Butterfly Lighting | |
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Overall Soft Lighting | |
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Photographing Products | |
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Backlighting | |
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Basic Product Lighting Setup | |
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Identifying Other Studio Accessories | |
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Fan | |
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Dulling Spray | |
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Makeup | |
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Props | |
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Lighting Snoot | |
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Product Lighting Table | |
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Cookie | |
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Making the Print | |
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Developing Your Film | |
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Needed Equipment, Supplies, and Chemicals | |
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Preparing for Film Development | |
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Load the Film onto the Reel | |
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Mix the Developer | |
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Determine Developing Temperatures and Developing Times | |
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How to Get the Temperature Right | |
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Developing Procedure | |
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Cutting and Storing Your Negatives | |
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Setting Up a Home Darkroom | |
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Space Requirements | |
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Needed Equipment | |
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Enlarger with 50mm Lens and Negative Carrier | |
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50mm Enlarging Lens | |
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Enlarging Easel | |
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Grain Focusers | |
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Enlarging Timer | |
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Processing Trays | |
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Grduated Beakers | |
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Safelight | |
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Tongs | |
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Contact Printer or Piece of Heavy Glass | |
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Multigrade Filters | |
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Compressed Air | |
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Anti-Static Cloth | |
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Chemicals for Printing Black and White Photographs | |
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How to Organize Your Darkroom | |
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How to Block Out the Light | |
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Sinks and Managing Your Water Needs | |
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Ventilation | |
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Black and White Photographic Paper | |
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How Photographic Paper Works | |
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Categories of Photographic Paper | |
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Resin Coated (RC) Paper | |
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Fiber Paper | |
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Graded and Multigrade Papers | |
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Paper Surfaces | |
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Sizes, Quantity, and Weight | |
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Types and Brands of Papers | |
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Out-of-Date and Fogged Paper | |
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Safelight Fog | |
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Basic Black and White Printing | |
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Getting Started | |
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Printing a Contact Sheet | |
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Making the Enlargement | |
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Washing and Drying Your Prints | |
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Evaluating Your Prints and Troubleshooting Techniques | |
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Dust | |
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Tonality | |
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Focus | |
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Print Borders | |
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Advanced Black and White Printing Techniques | |
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Burning and Dodging | |
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How to Burn a Print | |
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How to Dodge | |
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How to Burn with Different Multigrade Filters | |
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Edge Burning | |
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Hiding Scratches | |
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Printing with Fiber Paper | |
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Comparing Paper Surfaces | |
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Using the Two-Tray Split-Developing Technique with Graded Paper | |
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Flashing | |
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Bleaching | |
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Toning | |
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Producing Black and White Prints from Color Negatives | |
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Advanced Film Exposure and Development | |
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Pre-Visualization and the Zone System | |
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Pre-Exposure | |
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Reticulation | |
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Infrared Film | |
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Black and White Slide Film | |
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Developing Medium-Format Films | |
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Developing Large-Format Films | |
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Final Presentation and Storage of Photographs | |
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Finishing Your Prints | |
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Retouching | |
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Retouching RC Prints | |
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Using Spotone | |
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Using Spotone Dry | |
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Using Spotone Pens | |
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Spotting Fiber Prints | |
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Covering Black Specks | |
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Etching the Print | |
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Using Black Spot Remover or Bleach | |
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Applying Spotone to the Negative | |
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Making Major Alterations to a Print | |
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Hand Coloring | |
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Altering the Surface and Applying Sealant | |
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Storing Your Photographs | |
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Presenting Your Photographs | |
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Using Mat Boards | |
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Choosing Adhesives | |
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Spray Mount | |
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Double-Stick Tape | |
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Repositionable Mounting Adhesive | |
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Dry Mounting | |
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Overmats | |
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Transporting Your Photographs | |
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Storing Your Photographs | |
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Careers in Photography | |
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Careers in Photography | |
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Commercial Photography | |
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How to Assemble a Portfolio | |
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Editorial Photography | |
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Internships | |
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Business Practices | |
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Negotiate Your Fee in Advance | |
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Usage and Limitations | |
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Photo Credit | |
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Create an Invoice | |
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How to Price Your Photographs | |
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Fine Art Photography | |
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Teaching | |
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Setting Up a Home Studio | |
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Space Requirements | |
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The Temporary Studio | |
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Equipment Requirements | |
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How to Get Your Business Started | |
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Appendixes | |
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Glossary | |
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Photographic Equipment, Supplies, and Resources | |
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Further Reading | |
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Index | |