| Executive summary | p. 7 |
| Purpose and outline | p. 9 |
| Climate change: impacts and vulnerabilities | p. 10 |
| Predicting African climate | p. 10 |
| The IPCC estimate of climate change in Africa | p. 10 |
| Water resources | p. 11 |
| Agriculture and food security | p. 11 |
| Human health | p. 12 |
| Biodiversity | p. 13 |
| Forests and woodlands | p. 13 |
| Coastal zone and marine areas | p. 14 |
| Climate change as a security threat | p. 14 |
| Natural disasters and migration patterns | p. 15 |
| Economic development | p. 16 |
| Four dimensions of natural resource development | p. 17 |
| Water scarcity | p. 17 |
| Water stress | p. 17 |
| Water supply and sanitation basic services | p. 18 |
| Transboundary water resources | p. 19 |
| Water and food security | p. 20 |
| Energy supply | p. 20 |
| The role of biomass | p. 20 |
| Electricity from hydropower and hydrocarbons | p. 21 |
| The potential for renewable energy | p. 22 |
| Land use | p. 23 |
| Land degradation and desertification | p. 23 |
| Forests and deforestation | p. 24 |
| Oil and mineral resources | p. 26 |
| Reserves of oil and gas | p. 26 |
| The 'oil curse' | p. 27 |
| Other mineral resources | p. 28 |
| Agriculture and employment | p. 30 |
| The role and performance of agriculture | p. 30 |
| Livestock | p. 31 |
| Fisheries | p. 32 |
| Causes of stagnating agricultural productivity | p. 32 |
| Technology and research | p. 33 |
| Foreign trade | p. 33 |
| Employment | p. 34 |
| Foreign aid | p. 35 |
| Vulnerability and adaptation strategies | p. 36 |
| Mainstreaming climate change adaptation | p. 36 |
| Adaptation requirements | p. 36 |
| Investment in infrastructure, including energy and transboundary water | p. 37 |
| Raising agricultural productivity: adaptation strategies by smallholders | p. 38 |
| Raising agricultural productivity: the role of research | p. 39 |
| Water and sanitation | p. 39 |
| Principal actors and Sweden's role | p. 41 |
| External and internal actors active in natural resources | p. 41 |
| Sweden's role: some suggestions | p. 44 |
| Bibliography | p. 48 |
| List of Boxes | |
| Predicted agricultural productivity losses resulting from climate change | p. 12 |
| Loss of African biodiversity | p. 13 |
| Impact of sea level rise | p. 14 |
| Africa's water challenges | p. 17 |
| The importance of water for achievement of MDGs | p. 18 |
| Potential hydropower development in SSA | p. 22 |
| "Poverty-rife Angola emerges as an oil giant" | p. 26 |
| Oil and bad governance in Nigeria | p. 27 |
| Success in combating desertification in Burkina Faso | p. 39 |
| "Knowing which way wind blows: handful of nations get most subsidies" | p. 43 |
| Integration of adaptation strategies in development cooperation | p. 44 |
| List of Tables | |
| Reserves of oil and natural gas, selected countries | p. 26 |
| Share of agriculture in total GDP, selected countries | p. 30 |
| Per capita agricultural production index, selected countries | p. 31 |
| Economically active population in agriculture | p. 35 |
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