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| General Pharmacology | |
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| History of Pharmacology | |
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| The Idea | |
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| The Impetus | |
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| Early Beginnings | |
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| Foundation | |
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| Consolidation-General Recognition | |
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| Status Quo | |
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| Drug Sources | |
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| Drug and Active Principle | |
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| The Aims of Isolating Active Principles | |
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| Plants as Sources of Effective Medicines | |
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| Drug Development | |
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| Congeneric Drugs and Name Diversity | |
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| Drug Administration | |
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| Oral Dosage Forms | |
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| Drug Administration by Inhalation | |
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| Dermatological Agents | |
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| Skin Protection | |
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| Dermatological Agents as Vehicles | |
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| From Administration to Distribution in the Body | |
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| Cellular Sites of Action | |
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| Potential Targets of Drug Action | |
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| Distribution in the Body | |
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| External Barriers of the Body | |
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| Blood-Tissue Barriers | |
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| Membrane Permeation | |
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| Drug Transporters | |
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| Possible Modes of Drug Distribution | |
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| Binding to Plasma Proteins | |
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| Drug Elimination | |
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| The Liver as an Excretory Organ | |
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| Biotransformation of Drugs | |
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| Drug Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 | |
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| Enterohepatic Circulation | |
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| Conjugation Reactions | |
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| The Kidney as an Excretory Organ | |
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| Presystemic Elimination | |
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| Pharmacokinetics | |
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| Drug Concentration in the Body as a Function of Time-First Order (Exponential) Rate Processes | |
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| Time Course of Drug Concentration in Plasma | |
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| Time Course of Drug Plasma Levels during Repeated Dosing | |
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| Time Course of Drug Plasma Levels during Irregular Intake | |
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| Accumulation: Dose, Dose Interval, and Plasma Level Fluctuation | |
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| Change in Elimination Characteristics during Drug Therapy | |
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| Quantification of Drug Action | |
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| Dose-Response Relationship | |
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| Concentration-Effect Relationship | |
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| Concentration-Effect Curves | |
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| Drug-Receptor Interaction | |
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| Concentration-Binding Curves | |
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| Types of Binding Forces | |
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| Covalent Bonding | |
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| Noncovalent Bonding | |
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| Agonists-Antagonists | |
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| Models of the Molecular Mechanism of Agonist/Antagonist Action | |
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| Other Forms of Antagonism | |
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| Enantioselectivity of Drug Action | |
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| Receptor Types | |
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| Mode of Operation of G-Protein- coupled Receptors | |
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| Time Course of Plasma Concentration and Effect | |
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| Adverse Drug Effects | |
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| Adverse Drug Effects, Side Effects | |
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| Causes of Adverse Effects | |
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| Drug Allergy | |
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| Cutaneous Reactions | |
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| Drug Toxicity in Pregnancy and Lactation | |
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| Genetic Variation of Drug Effects | |
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| Pharmacogenetics | |
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| Drug-independent Effects | |
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| Placebo | |
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| Systems Pharmacology | |
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| Drugs Acting on the Sympathetic Nervous System | |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | |
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| Structure of the Sympathetic Nervous System | |
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| Adrenergic Synapse | |
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| Adrenoceptor Subtypes and Catecholamine Actions | |
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| Smooth Muscle Effects | |
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| Cardiostimulation | |
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| Metabolic Effects | |
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| Receptor Desensitization | |
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| Structure-Activity Relationships of Sympathomimetics | |
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| Indirect Sympathomimetics | |
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| �-Sympathomimetics, �-Sympatholytics | |
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| �-Sympathomimetics | |
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| �-Sympatholytics | |
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| �-Sympatholytics | |
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| Drugs Acting on the Parasympathetic Nervous System | |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | |
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| Cholinergic Synapse | |
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| Parasympathomimetics | |
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| Parasympatholytics | |
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| Biogenic Amines | |
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| Dopamine | |
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| Histamine Effects and Their Pharmacological Properties | |
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| Serotonin | |
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| Occurrence and Functions | |
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| Promoters of Serotonin Effects | |
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| Serotonin Inhibitors | |
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| Substance P | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Vasodilators | |
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| Vasodilators-Overview | |
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| Organic Nitrates | |
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| Calcium Antagonists | |
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| Dihydropyridine Derivatives | |
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| Verapamil and Other Catamphiphilic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Antagonists | |
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| Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System | |
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| Drugs Acting on Smooth Muscle | |
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| Drugs Used to Influence Smooth-Muscle Organs | |
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| Cardiac Drugs | |
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| Cardiac Glycosides | |
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| Antiarrhythmic Drugs | |
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| Drugs for Selective Control of Sinoatrial and AV Nodes | |
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| Nonspecific Drug Actions on Impulse Generation and Propagation | |
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| Electrophysiological Actions of Antiarrhythmics of the Na<sup>+</sup> Channel-blocking Type | |
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| Antianemics | |
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| Drugs for the Treatment of Anemias | |
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| Erythropoiesis | |
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| Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> | |
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| Folic Acid | |
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia | |
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| Antithrombotics | |
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| Prophylaxis and Therapy of Thrombosis | |
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| Vitamin K Antagonists and Vitamin K | |
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| Possibilities for Interaction | |
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| Heparin | |
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| Hirudin and Derivatives | |
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| Fibrinolytics | |
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| Inhibitors of Platelet Aggregation | |
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| Presystemic Effect of ASA | |
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| Plasma Volume Expanders | |
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| Drugs Used in Hyperlipoproteinemias | |
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| Lipid-lowering Agents | |
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| Diuretics | |
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| Diuretics-An Overview | |
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| NaCl Reabsorption in the Kidney | |
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| Aquaporins (AQP) | |
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| Osmotic Diuretics | |
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| Diuretics of the Sulfonamide Type | |
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| Potassium-sparing Diuretics | |
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| Vasopressin and Derivatives | |
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| Water and Electrolyte Disorders | |
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| Disorders of Na<sup>+</sup> Homeostasis | |
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| Disorders of K<sup>+</sup> Homeostasis | |
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| Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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| Therapy of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers | |
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| Treatment of Hyperacidity | |
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| Laxatives | |
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| Antidiarrheal Agents | |
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| Drugs Affecting the Motor System | |
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| Drugs Affecting Motor Function | |
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| Central Muscle Relaxants and Toxins | |
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| Muscle Relaxants | |
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| Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants | |
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| Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants | |
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| Influencing the Contractile System | |
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| Drugs for the Suppression of Pain (Analgesics) | |
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| Pain Mechanisms and Pathways | |
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| Eicosanoids | |
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| Antipyretic Analgesics vs. NSAIDs | |
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| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) | |
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| Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors | |
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| Local Anesthetics | |
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| Opioids = Opiates | |
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| Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System | |
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| General Anesthesia and General Anesthetic Drugs | |
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| Inhalational Anesthetics | |
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| Injectable Anesthetics | |
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| Benzodiazepines | |
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| Benzodiazepine Antagonist | |
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| Pharmacokinetics of Benzodiazepines | |
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| Therapy of Depressive Illness | |
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| Mania | |
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| Agents to Treat Manic States | |
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| Therapy of Schizophrenia | |
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| Neuroleptics | |
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| Hormones | |
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| Hypothalamic and Hypophyseal Hormones | |
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| Thyroid Hormone Therapy | |
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| Hyperthyroidism and Antithyroid Drugs | |
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| Glucocorticoid Therapy | |
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| Replacement Therapy | |
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| Pharmacodynamic Therapy with Glucocorticoids | |
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| Androgens, Anabolic Steroids, Antiandrogens | |
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| Inhibitory Principles | |
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| Follicular Growth and Ovulation, Estrogen and Progestin Production | |
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| Oral Contraceptives | |
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| Antiestrogen and Antiprogestin Active Principles | |
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| Aromatase Inhibitors | |
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| Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| Variations in Dosage Form | |
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| Variation in Amino Acid Sequence | |
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| Treatment of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| Undesirable Effects | |
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| Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| Oral Antidiabetics | |
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| Drugs for Maintaining Calcium Homestasis | |
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| Antibacterial Drugs | |
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| Drugs for Treating Bacterial Infections | |
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| Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis | |
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| Pore Formers | |
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| Inhibitors of Tetrahydrofolate Synthesis | |
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| Inhibitors of DNA Function | |
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| Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis | |
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| Drugs for Treating Mycobacterial Infections | |
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| Antitubercular Drugs | |
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| Antileprotic Drugs | |
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| Antifungal Drugs | |
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| Drugs Used in the Treatment of Fungal Infections | |
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| Antiviral Drugs | |
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| Pharmacotherapy of Viral Infections | |
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| Drugs for the Treatment of HIV | |
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| Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase-Nucleoside Agents | |
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| Nonnucleoside Inhibitors | |
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| HIV protease Inhibitors | |
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| Reserve Drugs | |
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| Antiparasitic Drugs | |
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| Drugs for Treating Endoparasitic and Ectoparasitic Infestations | |
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| Antimalarials | |
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| Other Tropical Diseases | |
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| Anticancer Drugs | |
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| Chemotherapy of Malignant Tumors | |
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| Interference with Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways | |
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| Special Antineoplastic Drug Actions | |
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| Mechanisms of Resistance to Cytostatics | |
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| Immune Modulators | |
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| Inhibition of Immune Responses | |
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| Calcineurin Inhibitors, Sirolimus | |
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| Antidotes | |
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| Inhibitors of Leukocyte Migration | |
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| Antidotes and Treatment of Poisonings | |
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| �Recreational� Drugs | |
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| Psychotomimetics (Psychedelics, Hallucinogens) | |
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| Actions of Nicotine | |
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| Localization of Nicotinic ACh Receptors | |
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| Effects of Nicotine on Body Function | |
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| Aids for Smoking Cessation | |
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| Consequences of Tobacco Smoking | |
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| Alcohol Abuse | |
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| Therapy of Selected Diseases | |
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| Hypertension | |
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| Angina Pectoris | |
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| Antianginal Drugs | |
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| Acute Coronary Syndrome-Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Congestive Heart Failure | |
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| Septic Shock | |
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| Antiparkinsonian Drugs | |
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| Antiepileptics | |
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| Treatment of Migraine | |
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| Emesis | |
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| Sleep Disorders and Hypnotics | |
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| Local Treatment of Glaucoma | |
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| Osteoporosis | |
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| Gout | |
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| Obesity-Sequelae and Therapeutic Approaches | |
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| Atopy and Antiallergic Therapy | |
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| Bronchial Asthma | |
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
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| Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Drug Indexes | |
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| Trade Name/Drug Name | |
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| Drug Name/Trade Name | |
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| Subject Index | |