| |
| |
| Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| Preface to the Second Edition | |
| |
| |
| Preface to the First Edition | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations: Serial and Journal Titles | |
| |
| |
| Short Titles of Works Often Cited | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sources for the History of Early Christianity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Survey of the Sources and Their Traditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Formation of the Earliest Christian Writings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Canon of the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Lord and the Letters of Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peter, Thomas, and John | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Twelve Apostles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Marcion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Reaction to Marcion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Muratorian Canon | |
| |
| |
| |
| Noncanonical Writings of Early Christianity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apostolic Fathers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gnostic and Manichean Collections | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Testament Apocrypha | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extra-Christian Testimonies | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Text of the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems of the Transmission of New Testament Texts | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Papyri | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Uncials | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Minuscules | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ancient Translations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Syriac Translations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Latin Translations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Coptic Translation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gothic Translation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Armenian Translation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ethiopic Translation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Printed Editions of the Greek New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principles of New Testament Textual Criticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Source Criticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Synoptic Problem and the Sources of the Gospels | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Acts of the Apostles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Composition and Literary Problems of the Letters of Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Second Letter of Peter and the Epistle of Jude | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Letters of Ignatius of Antioch | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems of Form, Tradition, Narrative, and Rhetorical Criticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Synoptic Tradition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Early Traditions in the Letters of the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| Traditional Materials Preserved in the Apostolic Fathers, the Apocrypha, and the Apologists | |
| |
| |
| |
| Narrative and Rhetorical Criticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| From John the Baptist to the Early Christian Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| John the Baptist | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life and Message | |
| |
| |
| |
| The History-of-Religions Background | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Effects of John's Ministry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jesus of Nazareth | |
| |
| |
| |
| The External Data of His Life | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jesus as Prophet, Wisdom Teacher, and Exorcist | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Proclamation of the Rule of God | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Human Situation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Resurrection | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Earliest Christian Communities | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Earliest Gatherings of Jesus' Followers | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Hellenists and Stephen | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Christian Church of Antioch | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Christian Communities in East and West | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life and Ministry to the Apostolic Council | |
| |
| |
| |
| Origin and Education | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paul's Call | |
| |
| |
| |
| The First Period of Paul's Mission; Chronology of Paul's Ministry | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apostolic Council | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Antioch to Ephesus | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Conflict in Antioch | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mission in Anatolia and Macedonia | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Thessalonica to Corinth | |
| |
| |
| |
| The First Letter to the Thessalonians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paul's Stay in Ephesus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Missionary Activity in Ephesus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Judaizing Propaganda and the Letter to the Galatians | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Spiritual People in Corinth and the First Letter to the Corinthians | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Opposition in Corinth: The Second Letter to the Corinthians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ephesian Imprisonment; Letters to the Philippians and to Philemon | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ephesian Imprisonment | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Letters to the Philippians | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Letter to Philemon | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collection; Paul's Last Visit to Corinth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Corinth--Jerusalem--Rome | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Last Stay in Corinth; Letters to the Romans and to the "Ephesians" | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Journey to Jerusalem and the Fate of the Collection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paul's Trial and His Journey to Rome | |
| |
| |
| |
| Palestine and Syria | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Tradition of the Message of Jesus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eschatological Interpretation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Synoptic Sayings Gospel | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Synoptic Apocalypse | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collection of Parables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jesus as Teacher of Wisdom | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of Thomas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dialogue of the Savior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Order of Life and Organization of the Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Epistle of James | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (Didache) | |
| |
| |
| |
| From the Kerygma of the Resurrection to the Gospels of the Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| Traditions under the Authority of Peter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peter | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of Peter | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Kerygma of Peter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Writings under Peter's Authority | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Oldest Gospel of the Church: The Gospel of Mark | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jesus' Ministry as the Canon of the Church: The Gospel of Matthew | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Johannine Circle | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Development of the Johannine Tradition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dialogues of Jesus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Traditions of the Johannine Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| Papyrus Egerton 2 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Passion Narrative | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Source of Signs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eschatological Traditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exaltation on the Cross as Gospel: The Gospel of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ecclesiastical Reception of the Johannine Tradition | |
| |
| |
| |
| The First Epistle of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Third Epistle of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Second Epistle of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gnostic Inheritance of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jewish Christianity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Fate of the Jerusalem Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jewish Christianity as a Branch of the Development of the Catholic Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Jewish-Christian Gospels | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of the Nazoreans | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of the Ebionites | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Fight against Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Judaizers | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Book of Elkasai | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Pseudo-Clementines and the Kerygmata Petrou | |
| |
| |
| |
| Syria, the Country of Origin of Christian Gnosticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary of Previous Observations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Texts from Nag Hammadi and Syrian Gnosticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apocalypse of Adam | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Hypostasis of the Archons | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apocryphon of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| The First and Second Apocalypse of James | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gnostic Hymns and Songs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prologue of John's Gospel and Hymn of the Dance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hymns in the Apocalypses of James | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hymns in the Acts of Thomas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Odes of Solomon | |
| |
| |
| |
| Egypt | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Beginnings of Christianity in Egypt | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Sources and Evidence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Syrian Traditions in Egypt | |
| |
| |
| |
| Egyptian Jewish Christianity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of the Hebrews | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apocryphon of James | |
| |
| |
| |
| Egyptian Gnosticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Testimony of the Writings from Nag Hammadi | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pre-Christian Gnosticism in Egypt | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eugnostos the Blessed and the Sophia of Jesus Christ | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of the Egyptians (Sethian) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vernacular Gnostic Christianity: The Gospel of the Egyptians | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Formation of Gnostic Schools | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Naasenes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Carpocrations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basilides | |
| |
| |
| |
| Valentinus | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Beginnings of Catholicism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vernacular Catholic Christianity: The Second Letter of Clement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Controversy with Gnosticism: The Epistula Apostolorum | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Establishment of an Ecclesiastical Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Asia, Macedonia, Greece, and Rome | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Renewal of Apocalypticism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apocalypticism in the Pauline Churches: The Second Letter to the Thessalonians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apocalypticism and Gnosticism: The Epistle of Jude | |
| |
| |
| |
| Criticism of the Apocalyptic Expectation: The Revelation of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apocalyptic Ordering of Christian Life: The Shepherd of Hermas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transformation of Pauline Theology into Ecclesiastical Doctrine | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Conflict with Syncretism: The Epistle to the Colossians | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Struggle against Gnosticism: The Epistle to the Ephesians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apocalyptic Gnosis as Legacy of Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Epistle to the Hebrews | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Epistle of Barnabas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ignatius of Antioch | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peter and Paul as the Authorities of Ecclesiastical Order: The First Epistle of Clement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Letters of Peter and the Legacy of Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| The First Epistle of Peter | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Second Epistle of Peter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Church Order in the Name of Paul: The Pastoral Epistles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polycarp of Smyrna | |
| |
| |
| |
| Christianity in Its Encounter with Its Social World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gospel and History as Victory in the World | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Lukan Writings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel of Luke | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Acts of the Apostles | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Miracle-Working Apostles in Conflict with the World: The Acts of Peter and the Acts of Paul | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Pauline Gospel as Renunciation of the World: Marcion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Position of the Roman Authorities | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Earliest Christian Apologists | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beginnings and the Apology of Aristides | |
| |
| |
| |
| Justin Martyr | |
| |
| |
| |
| Martyrs: The Martyrdom of Polycarp | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| General Index (Names, Places, Subjects) | |
| |
| |
| Biblical, Jewish, and Early Christian Writings | |
| |
| |
| Authors Discussed in the Text | |