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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Thermal Protection System Conception | |
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| Planetary Reentry | |
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| Orders of Magnitude | |
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| Major Classes of Materials for Thermal Protection Systems | |
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| Physical Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Conservation Laws for a Multispecies Gaseous Medium | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Conservation Laws | |
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| Diffusion in Neutral Medium | |
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| Diffusion in Weakly Charged Media | |
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| Calculation of Transport Coefficients | |
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| Medium in Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium | |
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| References | |
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| Elementary Chemical Reactions Modeling | |
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| Gaseous Reactions | |
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| Heterogeneous Reactions | |
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| Relationship Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reactions | |
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| References | |
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| Approximate Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reactive Laminar Boundary Layers | |
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| Injection (Blowing or Blocking) Coefficient | |
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| The Couette Problem Analogy | |
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| Approximate Calculation of Stagnation Point Heat Flux | |
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| Mass and Energy Balance at Wall | |
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| Steady State Ablation | |
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| References | |
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| Ablation of Carbon | |
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| Oxidation | |
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| Reactions with Nitrogen | |
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| Sublimation | |
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| Relations of Dependence | |
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| Reaction Kinetics | |
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| Homogeneous Reactions | |
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| Example: Homogeneous Medium | |
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| Partition of Energy | |
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| Relation Between Incident Flux and Ablation | |
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| Precision of the Ablation Model | |
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| Example of Calculation: A Test with Constant Upstream Conditions | |
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| References | |
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| Roughness Formation | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Scales of the Problem | |
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| Reactivity of a Composite Material | |
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| Roughness Formation | |
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| Applications | |
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| References | |
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| Turbulence and Laminar-Turbulent Transition | |
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| Coupling Between Turbulence and Surface State | |
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| Nonlocal Effects of Turbulence | |
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| Coupling Between Turbulence and Chemical Reactions | |
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| Laminar-Turbulent Transition | |
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| References | |
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| Pyrolysis and Pyrolyzable Materials | |
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| A Simple Example: PTFE | |
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| Phenolic Resin | |
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| The General Model | |
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| The Different Levels of Solutions | |
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| Transport Properties | |
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| Application Example | |
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| Ablation of Carbon Phenolics | |
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| References | |
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| Materials Developing a Liquid Layer | |
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| Hydrodynamics of the Liquid Layer | |
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| Silica-Resin Materials | |
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| References | |
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| Radiation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Radiative Transfer Equation | |
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| Effects of Coupling Between Flow and Radiation | |
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| Radiation in Porous Media | |
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| References | |
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| Erosion by Particle Impact | |
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| Introduction: Phenomenology | |
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| Atmospheres | |
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| Effect of Flow on the Particles | |
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| Effect of Particles on the Flow | |
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| Particle-Wall Interaction | |
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| Coupling with Ablation | |
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| Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Testing and Specific Test Facilities | |
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| Models Used in Reentry | |
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| Plasma Jets | |
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| Radiative Facilities | |
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| Ablation Measurements | |
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| References | |
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| An Example: Apollo | |
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| Thermal Protection Design Requirements | |
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| Avcoat Material | |
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| Pyrolysis and Gas Flow | |
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| Ablation | |
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| Radiation | |
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| References | |
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| Approximate Solutions of Stefan-Maxwell Equation | |
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| System Resolution | |
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| Expression of Multicomponent Diffusion Coefficients | |
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| Thermal Diffusion | |
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| References | |
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| Approximation of Thermodynamic Properties | |
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| Thermodynamic Properties | |
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| Homogeneous Description of a Database | |
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| References | |
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| System with Variable Elemental Composition | |
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| Wall Conditions | |
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| Upstream Conditions | |
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| Pressure and Sound Velocity | |
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| Total Specific Heats | |
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| Reference | |
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| Homogenization of an Inhomogeneous Rough Surface | |
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| Smooth Inhomogeneous Surface | |
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| Rough Inhomogeneous Surface | |
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| References | |
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| Mass Loss by Pyrolysis | |
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| Sample Size | |
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| Activation Energies | |
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| Example of Thermogravimetric Analysis | |
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| Homogenization | |
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| References | |
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| Water in Phenolic Composite Materials | |
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| Resin | |
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| Fiber | |
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| Composite Material | |
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| References | |
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| Radiative Transfer in a Plane Interface of Silica | |
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| Reference | |
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| Index | |
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| Supplemental Materials | |