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Tables and Figures | |
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Preface | |
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Foundations of Law in the United States | |
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Definition of Law | |
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Sources of Law in the United States | |
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Types of Law | |
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Functions of Law | |
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The United States and the Rule of Law | |
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A Litigious Society | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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The Federal Judicial System | |
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The Historical Context | |
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The U.S. Supreme Court | |
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The U.S. Courts of Appeals | |
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U.S. District Courts | |
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Constitutional Courts, Legislative Courts, and Courts of Specialized Jurisdiction | |
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Administrative and Staff Support in the Federal Judiciary | |
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Federal Court Workload | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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State Judicial Systems | |
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Historical Development of State Courts | |
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State Court Organization | |
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Norm Enforcement in the State Courts | |
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The Courtroom Work Group | |
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Administrative Hearings in the States | |
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Policymaking in the State Courts | |
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Innovation in State Courts | |
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Administrative and Staff Support in the State Judiciary | |
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State Court Workload | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Jurisdiction and Policymaking Bondaries | |
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Federal Courts | |
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Jurisdiction of State Courts | |
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Jurisdiction and Legislative Politics | |
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Judicial Self-Restraint | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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State Judges | |
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Qualifications and Backgrounds of State Judges | |
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The Selection Process for State Judges | |
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The Retirement and Removal of State Judges | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Federal Judges | |
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Background Characteristics of Federal Judges | |
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Formal and Informal Qualifications of Federal Judges | |
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The Federal Selection Process and Its Participants | |
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The Judicial Socialization Process | |
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The Retirement and Removal of Judges | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Policy Links between the Citizenry, the President, and the Federal Judiciary | |
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The President and the Composition of the Judiciary | |
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Presidents' Values and Their Appointees' Decisions | |
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President George W. Bush and the Federal Judiciary | |
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President Barack Obama and the Federal Judiciary | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Lawyers, Litigants, and Interest Groups in the Judicial Process | |
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Lawyers and the Legal Profession | |
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Litigants | |
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Interest Groups in the Judicial Process | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Crime and Procedures prior to a Criminal Trial | |
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The Nature and Substance of Crime | |
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Categories of Crime | |
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Elements of a Crime | |
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Procedures prior to a Criminal Trial | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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The Criminal Trial and Its Aftermath | |
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Procedures during a Criminal Trial | |
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Procedures after a Criminal Trial | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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The Civil Court Process | |
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The Nature and Substance of Civil Law | |
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The Main Categories of Civil Law | |
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The Courts and Other Institutions Concerned with Civil Law | |
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The Civil Trial Process | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Decision Making by Trial Court Judges | |
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The Legal Subculture | |
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The Democratic Subculture | |
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The Subcultures as Predictors | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Decision Making in Collegial Courts | |
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Cue Theory | |
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Small-Group Analysis | |
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Attitude Theory | |
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Rational Choice Theory | |
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Practical Applications of These Four Approaches | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Implementation and Impact of Judicial Policies | |
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The Impact of Higher Court Decisions on Lower Courts | |
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Congressional Influences on the Implementation Process | |
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Executive Branch Influences on the Implementation Process | |
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Other Implementers | |
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The Impact of Judicial Policies | |
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Summary | |
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Further Thought and Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Suggested Resources | |
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Policymaking by American Judges: A Synthesis | |
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The Nature of the Case or Issue | |
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The Values and Orientations of the Judges | |
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The Nature of the Judicial Decision-Making Process | |
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The Impact of Extraneous Influences | |
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Note | |
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Glossary | |
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Annotated Constitution | |
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Subject Index | |
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Case Index | |