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| Tables, Figures, and Minicases | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Politics of Public Budgets | |
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| What Is Budgeting? | |
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| Minicase: The Time Dimension of Budgeting-Pensions in San Diego | |
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| Governmental Budgeting | |
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| Minicase: City Manager Replies to Scathing Budget Critique | |
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| Minicase: Doctoring Audit Reports | |
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| Minicase: Unfunded Mandates-No Child Left Behind | |
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| Minicase: Highly Constrained Budgeting-Colorado's TABOR Amendment | |
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| The Meaning of Politics in Public Budgeting | |
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| Budgetary Decision Making | |
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| Microbudgeting and Macrobudgeting | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Revenue Politics | |
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| Raising Taxes | |
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| Minicase: Alabama Governor's $1.2 Billion Tax Increase Defeated | |
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| Minicase: A Successful Municipal Tax Increase in Dayton, Ohio | |
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| Minicase: Tax Increment Financing | |
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| Minicase: Tax Breaks and Equity | |
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| Minicase: Rescuing the Middle Class from the Alternative Minimum Tax | |
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| Minicase: California and the Persistence of Tax Breaks | |
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| Minicase: Dell Computers and Tax Breaks | |
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| The Politics of Reform | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Politics of Process | |
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| Minicase: California's Late Budgets and Dysfunctional Budget Rules | |
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| Budget Process and the Characteristics of Public Budgeting | |
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| Macro and Micro Politics | |
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| Designing Process to Achieve Policy and Political Goals | |
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| Minicase: Republican Macro-Level Reform Proposals | |
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| Minicase: Micro Politics-Bending the Rules to Win Individual Decisions | |
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| Minicase: How the Governor's Veto is Used | |
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| Variation between and among Federal, State, and Local Governments | |
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| Minicase: San Diego-Fiscal Problems, Strong Mayor, and Veto Powers | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Dynamics of Changing Budget Processes | |
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| Overview | |
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| Minicase: New York State and Pressure to Change the Formal Rules | |
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| Minicase: The Executive and the Legislature in Florida's Budgeting | |
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| Major Changes in the Federal Budget Process | |
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| Minicase: Ad Hoc Scoring Rules | |
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| Changes in Budget Process at the State Level | |
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| Minicase: Maryland's Legislative Budget Power | |
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| Minicase: South Carolina-An Example of a Legislatively Dominated Budget Process | |
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| Minicase: Nevada-Legislative Access to Agency Budget Requests | |
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| Changes in Budget Process at the Local Level | |
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| Minicase: Florida and Unfunded Mandates | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Expenditures: The Politics of Choice | |
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| Strategies of Agency Heads or Program Directors | |
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| Minicase: Linking State Department Funding to a Goal of Unlimited Value | |
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| Minicase: GPRA and PART-Linking Effectiveness to Budget Allocation | |
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| Minicase: The Department of Housing and Urban Development and Boutique Programs | |
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| Top-Down Strategies | |
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| Minicase: Earmark Corruption and Reform | |
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| Minicase: Calculating the Base in St. Paul, 2005 | |
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| Minicase: Taking the Aviation Trust Fund Off-Budget | |
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| The Environment Can Affect Spending Priorities | |
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| Analysis: Accountability and Acceptability | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Politics of Balancing the Budget | |
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| Balance as a Constraint | |
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| Minicase: Balance in the Federal Highway Trust Fund | |
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| Multiple Actors, Ideologies, and Deficits | |
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| Minicase: California and the Politics of Acceptability | |
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| The Environment, Unpredictability, and Deficits | |
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| Minicase: Wisconsin Confronts Deficits | |
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| Increasing Stress between Payer and Decider | |
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| The Politics of Deficits: The Federal Level | |
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| Deficits in the States | |
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| Minicase: California and the Governor's Power to Rebalance theBudget | |
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| Minicase: States Cut Revenues to Local Governments, 2008 | |
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| The Politics of Balance in Cities | |
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| Minicase: The Politics of Deficits-An Urban Example | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Budget Execution: The Politics of Adaptation | |
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| Tools for Changing the Budget | |
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| Minicase: Reprogramming in the Department of Defense | |
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| Minicase: Congress and the President Fight over Reprogramming | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Budget Implementation and Control | |
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| The Discretion-Abuse-Control Cycle | |
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| Minicase: Abuse and Controls at the Department of Defense | |
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| Minicase: Recent Examples of Salary Absorption225 | |
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| Discretion and Control: The Politics of Finding Waste, Fraud, and Abuse | |
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| Minicase: Tension at the CIA | |
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| Minicase: Getting Too Close to Administration- IGs at the Department of State and NASA | |
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| Minicase: The Massachusetts Inspector General versus the Council and the Mayor | |
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| Minicase: The New Orleans Inspector General-Delayed Implementation | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Budgetary Decision Making and Politics | |
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| Real-Time Budgeting | |
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| A Comparison of the Decision-Making Streams | |
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| Common Themes | |
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| Reconceptualizing Reform | |
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| Avenues for Research | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |