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| Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Sound Phenomena Investigated: Cry, Stridor, and Cough | |
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| Cry | |
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| Stridor | |
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| Cough | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| The infant cry | |
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| Stridor | |
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| Cough | |
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| Patients | |
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| Methods | |
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| Conventional examination methods, their critical analysis and sphere of indication | |
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| Examination in cases with pathologic phonation, unusual infant cry | |
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| Evaluation of stridor | |
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| Evaluation of cough | |
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| Basic principles of acoustics, methods of acoustic investigation, sound spectrography | |
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| The acoustic structure of sound phenomena | |
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| Voiced sounds (frequency characteristics) | |
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| Noise | |
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| Aphonia | |
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| Duration (length) of sounds | |
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| Intensity | |
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| Melody of the cry | |
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| Resonance components | |
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| Applied methods for acoustic analysis | |
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| Sound spectrography | |
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| Minimal time interval spectrum | |
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| Measurement of the fundamental frequency | |
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| Analysis of the infant cry with digital signal processing (DSP) | |
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| Why analyze? | |
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| The infant cry as an acoustic signal | |
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| Data collection | |
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| Available techniques to record the infant cry | |
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| Database | |
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| Preprocessing of the infant cry | |
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| Filtering | |
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| Segmentation | |
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| Processing of the infant cry | |
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| Attributes in the time domain | |
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| Discrete Fourier Transform | |
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| Acoustic attributes in the spectrum | |
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| Methods for detecting fundamental frequency | |
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| Detecting the melody contour of the infant cry | |
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| Digital spectrograph | |
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| Results | |
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| Duration of cry segments | |
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| Fundamental frequency | |
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| Development of the fundamental frequency | |
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| Melody of the infant cry | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Sound in medicine; noninvasive diagnostic methods | |
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| Nasometry | |
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| Bioinformatics and genomics | |
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| Characterization and Acoustic Description of the Most Commonly Occurring Sound Signals | |
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| Cries | |
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| Clear (pure, regular, normal) cry | |
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| Veiled cry | |
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| Hoarse cry | |
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| Hyperfunctional (tense) cry | |
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| Pressed (forced) cry | |
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| Raucous (harsh) cry | |
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| Crackling cry | |
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| Sharp cry | |
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| Shrill (piping, shrieking, screeching) cry | |
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| Creaking cry | |
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| Very high (high-pitched) cry | |
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| Bleating (quavering) cry | |
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| Sizzling (fizzling, crepitating) cry | |
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| Faint (inert, weak, languid) cry | |
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| Wan (meager, low-energy) cry | |
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| Bitonal cry | |
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| Broken phonation (breaking, breaklike) cry | |
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| Aphonic cry | |
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| Hollow (cavernous) cry | |
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| Dull (colorless) cry | |
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| Types of stridor | |
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| Pharyngeal-type stridor | |
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| Interrupted pharyngeal stridors (with quasiperiodic acoustic structure) | |
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| Sawing (buzzing) stridor | |
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| Rasping stridor | |
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| Croaky stridor | |
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| Snoring (snorting, stertorous, grunting) stridor | |
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| Bubbling (gurgling) stridor | |
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| Divided pharyngeal stridor | |
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| Lump-in-the-throat stridor | |
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| Supraglottic stridor (high, sharp, and loud inspiration and expiration) | |
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| Cackling (clucking) stridor | |
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| Hissing (whistling, sibilant) stridor | |
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| Stridor-phonation | |
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| Crowing stridor | |
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| Stridor of subglottic character | |
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| Deep-hollow stridor | |
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| Hollow stridor | |
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| Tracheal stridor | |
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| Spastic (wheezy) expiratory stridor | |
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| Coughing sounds | |
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| Nondescript cough | |
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| Catarrhal cough | |
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| Barking cough | |
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| Cough-phonation | |
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| Deep cough | |
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| Hollow cough | |
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| Ringing cough | |
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| Brassy, ringing cough | |
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| Metallic, ringing cough | |
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| Staccato cough | |
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| Suppressed, painful cough | |
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| Airway and Nervous Anomalies Associated with Pathologic Sound Production | |
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| Disorders affecting the nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and ears | |
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| Choanal atresia | |
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| Micrognathia | |
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| Robin sequence | |
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| Cleft palate (CP), velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) | |
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| Hearing impairment, hearing loss | |
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| Cornelia de Lange syndrome | |
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| Hurler's syndrome (multiple dysostosis, gargoylism) | |
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| Mental retardation, mental deficiency | |
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| Enlarged, hypertrophied tonsils, adenoid vegetation | |
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| Disorders affecting the larynx | |
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| Epiglottitis (supraglottic inflammation) | |
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| Acute laryngitis | |
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| Laryngeal croup (acute fibrinous laryngitis) | |
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| Laryngeal thrush, laryngeal mycosis, fungal laryngitis | |
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| Changes following prolonged intubation, acquired laryngeal stenosis | |
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| Papilloma of the larynx (upper respiratory papillomatosis) | |
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| Vocal cord polyp, laryngeal fibroma | |
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| Laryngeal cysts | |
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| Laryngocele | |
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| Laryngeal cleft | |
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| Laryngomalacia (chondromalacia laryngis, soft, flaccid larynx) | |
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| Atresia, severe stenosis of the glottis | |
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| Laryngeal diaphragm (congenital laryngeal web) | |
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| Vocal cord paralysis (abductor [recurrent] and adductor paresis) | |
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| Dysphonia | |
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| Hyperbilirubinemia | |
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| Down syndrome | |
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| Cri du chat syndrome (cat's cry disease) | |
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| Myasthenia gravis | |
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| Amyotonia congenita (congenital muscular atony, Oppenheim's disease) | |
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| Polyradiculitis (Guillain-Barre syndrome) | |
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| Pseudocroup (subglottic laryngitis) | |
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| Subglottic stenosis | |
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| Subglottic hemangioma | |
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| Contusion (injury) of the larynx | |
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| Tracheal changes | |
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| Congenital goiter | |
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| Vascular anomalies | |
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| Paratracheal or parabronchial lymphadenitis (thoracic lymph node enlargement, lymphadenopathy, bronchial rupture) | |
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| Mediastinal tumors | |
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| Tracheomalacia (functional stenosis of the trachea, soft trachea) | |
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| Circumscribed congenital anomaly of the tracheal cartilages (individual cartilage deformity) | |
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| Tracheal dyskinesia | |
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| Rigid trachea stenosis (congenital fibrous stricture) | |
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| Stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis (sicca maligna) | |
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| Foreign bodies in airways | |
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| Disorders affecting the bronchi and the lungs | |
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| Wheezy bronchitis, asthma | |
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| Pertussis (whooping cough) | |
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| Pneumonia | |
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| The Diagnostic Value of the Conventional Examination Methods and of Acoustic Analysis | |
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| Cries | |
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| Classification in terms of the acoustic substrate | |
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| Noise | |
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| Other structural changes | |
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| Classification in terms of the location of changes | |
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| Classification on grounds of etiology | |
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| The diagnostic values of clinical (imaging) methods in the evaluation of infant cry | |
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| Stridor | |
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| Pharyngeal stridors | |
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| Laryngeal stridors | |
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| Subglottic and tracheal stridors | |
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| Bronchial stridors | |
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| Cough | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Subject Index | |