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List of Labs | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction to Helping | |
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What Is Helping? | |
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When Do People Seek Help From Others? | |
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Is Helping Effective? | |
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On Becoming a Helper | |
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Organization of This Book | |
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Experiential Component of the Book | |
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Is This Book Right for You? | |
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Research on Helping Skills | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Theoretical Foundation of the Three-Stage Model of Helping | |
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Assumptions Underlying the Three-Stage Model | |
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Three-Stage Model | |
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Empathic Collaboration | |
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Culture | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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A Model for the Process and Outcome of Helping | |
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Background Variables | |
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Context Variables | |
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Moment-by-Moment Interactional Sequence | |
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External World | |
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Outcome | |
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Empirical Research on the Three-Stage Model of Helping | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Ethical Issues in Helping | |
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An Overview of Ethics | |
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Ethical Standards Relevant for Beginning Helpers | |
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Working Through an Ethical Dilemma | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Exploration Stage | |
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Overview of the Exploration Stage | |
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Theoretical Background: Rogers's Client-Centered Theory | |
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Goals for the Exploration Stage | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Attending and Listening | |
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How to Attend and Listen | |
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Examples of Attending and Listening Skills | |
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Effects of Attending and Listening | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in Attending and Listening | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Open Questions and Probes | |
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Why Use Open Questions and Probes? | |
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How to Ask Open Questions and Probes | |
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Effects of Open Questions and Probes | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in Delivering Open Questions and Probes | |
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Restatement | |
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Why Use Restatements? | |
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How to Restate | |
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Effects of Restatement | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in Restating | |
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Reflection of Feelings | |
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Why Reflect Feelings? | |
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How to Reflect Feelings | |
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Effects of Reflection | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in Delivering Reflection of Feelings | |
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Additional Skills for the Exploration Stage | |
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Information About the Helping Process | |
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Approval-Reassurance | |
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Closed Questions | |
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Self-Disclosures for Exploration | |
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Silence | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Integrating the Skills of the Exploration Stage | |
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Integrating the Exploration Skills | |
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Helper Self-Awareness | |
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Developing Hypotheses About Clients | |
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An Example of an Extended Interaction | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in the Exploration Stage | |
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Strategies for Overcoming the Difficulties and Managing Anxiety | |
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Insight Stage | |
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Overview of the Insight Stage | |
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Theoretical Background: Psychoanalytic Theory | |
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How Psychoanalytic Theories Relate to the Three-Stage Model | |
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Goals for the Insight Stage | |
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Use of the Helper's Perspective | |
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Skills Used in the Insight Stage | |
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Challenge | |
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Why Use Challenges? | |
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How to Challenge | |
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Effects of Challenge | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience Using Challenges | |
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Interpretation | |
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Why Give Interpretations? | |
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Sources of Data for Developing Interpretations | |
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Accuracy of Interpretations | |
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How to Interpret | |
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Examples of Interpretation | |
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Effects of Interpretation | |
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Potential Difficulties in Using Interpretation | |
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Self-Disclosure of Insight | |
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Why Use Self-Disclosure of Insight? | |
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How to Self-Disclose About Insight | |
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Effects of Self-Disclosure of Insight | |
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Potential Difficulties in Disclosing Insight | |
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Immediacy | |
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Why Use Immediacy? | |
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How to Use Immediacy | |
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Effects of Immediacy | |
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Difficulties Helpers Have in Using Immediacy | |
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Integrating the Skills of the Insight Stage | |
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Integrating the Insight Skills | |
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Caveats About Using Insight Skills | |
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Developing Hypotheses About Client Dynamics | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in the Insight Stage | |
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Strategies for Overcoming Difficulties in Implementing the Insight Stage | |
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Action Stage | |
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Overview of the Action Stage | |
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Rationale for the Action Stage | |
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Theoretical Background: Behavioral and Cognitive Theories | |
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How Behavioral and Cognitive Theories Relate to the Three-Stage Model | |
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Goals of the Action Stage | |
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Skills Used in the Action Stage | |
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Steps of the Action Stage | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Skills of the Action Stage | |
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Giving Information | |
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Feedback About the Client | |
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Process Advisement | |
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Direct Guidance | |
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Disclosure of Strategies | |
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The Steps of the Action Stage | |
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Identify a Specific Problem | |
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Explore the Idea of Action on This Problem | |
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Assess Previous Change Attempts and Social Support | |
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Help Client Decide About Making a Commitment to Change | |
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Brainstorm Options | |
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Choose Action Options | |
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Implement In-Session Interventions | |
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Choose Tasks for Outside the Session | |
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Check on Progress and Modify Assignments | |
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Example of Action Stage Steps | |
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Integrating the Skills of the Action Stage | |
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Integrating the Action Skills | |
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Difficulties Helpers Experience in the Action Stage | |
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Strategies for Overcoming the Difficulties | |
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Example of an Extended Interaction | |
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Final Thoughts | |
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Integrating the Three Stages | |
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Using the Skills in Therapy | |
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Dealing With Difficult Clinical Situations | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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References | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |
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About the Author | |
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Feedback From | |