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Preface | |
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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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1 | |
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Basics of Mapping and GIS | |
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What is a map? | |
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Historic and cultural perspectives | |
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Maps, technology, and power | |
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What is a GIS? | |
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Why planners use GIS | |
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GIS forthe urban environment | |
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Layers | |
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Using GIS in an urban context | |
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Basic GIS functionality | |
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Typical GIS tasks | |
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GIS on the Internet | |
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Modeling Spatial Data and Basic Mapping Concepts | |
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Modeling | |
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The vector model | |
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The raster model | |
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Combining raster and vector | |
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Continuous vs. discrete data | |
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Scale | |
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Generalization | |
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Geographic extent, geographic unit of analysis, and data aggregation | |
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Map projections and coordinate systems | |
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Common coordinate systems | |
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Maps, scales, and coordinate systems | |
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Thematic Mapping | |
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Maps: Tangible vs. mental | |
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Maps: Reference vs. thematic | |
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Components of the thematic map | |
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Quantitative vs, qualitative thematic maps | |
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Types of thematic maps | |
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Multivariate maps | |
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Mental mapping | |
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Data Classification Methods and Data Exploration | |
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Quantitative vs. qualitative information | |
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Measurement scales | |
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Statistics and mapping | |
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Summarizing data with statistics | |
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Methods of classification | |
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Issues in classification | |
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Data exploration | |
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Thematic map interpretation | |
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Data Visualization and Map Design | |
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Types of charts and graphs | |
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Data visualization | |
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Map design and composition | |
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Main map elements | |
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Graphic design | |
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Color | |
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Typography | |
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Map design critique | |
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Sources of Urban Data | |
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A wealth of data | |
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Choosing the appropriate data | |
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Level of detail | |
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Quality | |
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Map accuracy | |
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National map accuracy standards | |
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Attribute data accuracy and currency | |
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Metadata | |
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The U.S. Decennial Census | |
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U.S. Census TIGER/Line files | |
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U.S. Postal zone mapping | |
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United States Geological Survey (USGS) mapping | |
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GISdata produced by state and local government | |
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Commercial sources | |
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The Internet | |
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Data clearinghouses | |
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Access to urban GIS data | |
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Evaluation of an urban dataset | |
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Mapping Databases | |
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Point geocoding | |
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Unmapped attribute tables | |
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Creating vector mapping | |
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GPS | |
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Data acquisition | |
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Attribute Data and Relational Database Management Systems | |
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Attribute database tables | |
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Creating database tables | |
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Working directly with external database management systems | |
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Managing database tables | |
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Tables and views | |
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Grouping data | |
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Relational databases | |
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Adding the spatial dimension | |
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RDBMS and data integration | |
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Integrating data using an RDBMS | |
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Methods of Spatial Data Analysis | |
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Types of analysis | |
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Simple query: Data search and analysis | |
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Reclassification | |
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Geoprocessing | |
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Optimal location/suitability analysis | |
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Boolean operators | |
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Modeling | |
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Expert systems and rule-based reasoning | |
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Interpolation | |
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Using GIS for problem solving | |
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GIS Project Development and Institutional Issues | |
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Driving forces | |
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Proposing a GIS | |
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Initiating a project | |
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Project development | |
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Development cycle | |
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Management perspective | |
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Develop a project flow chart | |
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Ethical Issues in GIS and Urban Planning | |
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A multitude of issues | |
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The subjectivity of maps | |
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Maps as propaganda | |
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Participatory GIS and the democratization of GIS | |
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GIS for advocacy purposes: Counter-mapping | |
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Technology and the use of local knowledge bases | |
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Access to hardware, software, and skills | |
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Vernacularization of GIS | |
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Data access | |
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Data ownership | |
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Data liability | |
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Privacy, confidentiality, and surveillance issues | |
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Participatory community-based planning with GIS | |
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Other Geotechnologies and Recent Developments in GIS | |
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Three-dimensional GIS | |
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Advanced GIS analysis | |
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Remote sensing | |
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Global Positioning System (GPS) | |
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Lidar technology | |
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Mobile mapping | |
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Internet mapping software | |
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Wide area networks | |
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Conclusion | |
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Project documentation and policy recommendation report | |
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2 | |
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Nonprofit Organization GIS Strategic Planning and Public Outreach | |
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Public outreach: Imagine New York | |
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The Lower Manhattan Preservation Fund | |
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The campaign for community-based planning Olympics 2012 | |
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GIS Use by Urban Nonprofit Organizations for Housing Initiatives and Urban Services | |
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Fordham Bedford Housing Corporation, University Neighborhood Housing Program, and the Enterprise Foundation | |
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Delivering Health-care Services to an Urban Population | |
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Access to health care in Greenpoint-Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York | |
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Natural Habitat and Open Space Assessment | |
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Long Island Sound Stewardship System | |
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Urban Environmental Planning | |
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Land-use classification for extensive vegetative roof acreage potential in the Bronx | |
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Emergency Management and Disaster Response | |
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Using GIS at Ground Zero | |
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Infrastructure Mapping for Planning and Maintenance | |
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GIS mapping of the New York City sewer and storm drain system | |
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Archaeology and Historic Preservation with GIS | |
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Archaeology GIS project for the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission | |
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Health and Environmental Justice | |
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Mapping environmental hazards and asthma in the Bronx | |
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Crime Pattern Analysis | |
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Exploring Bronx auto thefts using GIS | |
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Community-based Planning | |
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Graffiti in Community District Two, Queens, New York: Private expression in the public realm | |
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Advocacy Planning and Public Information | |
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Community Mapping Assistance Project for the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance and Open Accessible Space Information Systems Internet map site | |
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Making Maps of Urban Data | |
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Exploring BasicGIS Functionality | |
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Thematic Mapping: Dot Density Maps | |
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Thematic Mapping: Choropleth Maps | |
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Integrating Graphs and Maps, and Designing Map Layouts | |
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Developing an Attribute Database from an Internet Source | |
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Geocoding and Labeling | |
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Working with Relational Databases | |
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Generating Buffers and Using Selection for Proximity Analysis | |
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Geoprocessing Operations and Joining Tables | |
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Data Exploration and Geostatistical Analysis | |
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Advanced Layout Techniques | |
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Afterword | |
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About the authors | |
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Data credits | |
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Data license agreement | |
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Installing the data | |
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Index | |