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| Introduction | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| LAN Switching | |
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| Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| LAN Switching Review | |
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| LAN Switch Forwarding Logic | |
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| Switch Verification | |
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| Viewing the MAC Address Table | |
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| Determining the VLAN of a Frame | |
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| Verifying Trunks | |
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| Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D) | |
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| The Need for Spanning Tree | |
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| What IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Does | |
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| How Spanning Tree Works | |
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| The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU | |
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| Electing the Root Switch | |
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| Choosing Each Switch's Root Port | |
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| Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment | |
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| Influencing and Changing the STP Topology | |
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| Making Configuration Changes to Influence the STP Topology | |
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| Reacting to State Changes That Affect the STP Topology | |
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| How Switches React to Changes with STP | |
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| Changing Interface States with STP | |
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| Optional STP Features | |
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| EtherChannel | |
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| PortFast | |
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| BPDU Guard | |
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| Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w) | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Spanning Tree Protocol Implementation | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| STP Configuration and Verification | |
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| Setting the STP Mode | |
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| Connecting STP Concepts to STP Configuration Options | |
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| Per-VLAN Configuration Settings | |
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| The Bridge ID and System ID Extension | |
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| Per-VLAN Port Costs | |
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| STP Configuration Option Summary | |
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| Verifying STP Operation | |
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| Configuring STP Port Costs | |
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| Configuring Priority to Influence the Root Election | |
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| Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard | |
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| Configuring EtherChannel | |
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| Configuring a Manual EtherChannel | |
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| Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels | |
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| STP Troubleshooting | |
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| Determining the Root Switch | |
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| Determining the Root Port on Nonroot Switches | |
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| STP Tiebreakers When Choosing the Root Port | |
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| Suggestions for Attacking Root Port Problems on the Exam | |
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| Determining the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment | |
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| Suggestions for Attacking Designated Port Problems on the Exam | |
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| STP Convergence | |
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| Troubleshooting EtherChannel | |
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| Incorrect Options on the channel-group Command | |
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| Configuration Checks Before Adding Interfaces to EtherChannels | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Troubleshooting LAN Switching | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Generalized Troubleshooting Methodologies | |
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| Analyzing and Predicting Normal Network Operation | |
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| Data Plane Analysis | |
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| Control Plane Analysis | |
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| Predicting Normal Operations: Summary of the Process | |
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| Problem Isolation | |
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| Root Cause Analysis | |
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| Real World Versus the Exams | |
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| Troubleshooting the LAN Switching Data Plane | |
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| An Overview of the Normal LAN Switch Forwarding Process | |
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| Confirm the Network Diagrams Using CDP | |
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| Isolate Interface Problems | |
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| Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States | |
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| The notconnect State and Cabling Pinouts | |
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| Determining Switch Interface Speed and Duplex | |
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| Issues Related to Speed and Duplex | |
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| Isolate Filtering and Port Security Problems | |
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| Isolate VLAN and Trunking Problems | |
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| Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs | |
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| Access VLANs Not Being Defined or Not Being Active | |
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| Identify Trunks and VLANs Forwarded on Those Trunks | |
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| Troubleshooting Examples and Exercises | |
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| Troubleshooting Example 1: Find Existing LAN Data Plane Problems | |
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| Verify the Accuracy of the Diagram Using CDP | |
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| Check for Interface Problems | |
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| Check for Port Security Problems | |
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| Check for VLAN and VLAN Trunk Problems | |
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| Troubleshooting Example 2: Predicting LAN Data Plane Behavior | |
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| PC1 ARP Request (Broadcast) | |
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| R1 ARP Reply (Unicast) | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Answers to Troubleshooting Example 1 | |
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| Part I Review | |
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| IP Version 4 Routing | |
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| Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Part I | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Predicting Normal IPv4 Routing Behavior | |
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| Host IPv4 Routing Logic | |
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| Routing Logic Used by IPv4 Routers | |
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| IP Routing Logic on a Single Router | |
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| IP Routing from Host to Host | |
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| Building New Data Link Headers Using ARP Information | |
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| Problem Isolation Using the ping Command | |
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| Ping Command Basics | |
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| Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Command | |
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| Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the Problem | |
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| Using Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route | |
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| Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping | |
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| Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping | |
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| Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping | |
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| Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses | |
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| Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command | |
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| traceroute Basics | |
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| How the traceroute Command Works | |
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| Standard and Extended traceroute | |
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| Using traceroute to Isolate the Problem to Two Routers | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Part II | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Problems Between the Host and the Default Router | |
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| Root Causes Based on a Host's IPv4 Settings | |
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| Ensure IPv4 Settings Correctly Match | |
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| Mismatched Masks Impact Route to Reach Subnet | |
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| Typical Root Causes of DNS Problems | |
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| Wrong Default Router IP Address Setting | |
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| Root Causes Based on the Default Router's Configuration | |
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| Mismatched VLAN Trunking Configuration with Router on a Stick | |
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| DHCP Relay Issues | |
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| Router LAN Interface and LAN Issues | |
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| Problems with Routing Packets Between Routers | |
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| IP Forwarding by Matching the Most Specific Route | |
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| Using show ip route and Subnet Math to Find the Best Route | |
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| Using show ip route address to Find the Best Route | |
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| Show ip route Reference | |
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| Routing Problems Caused by Incorrect Addressing Plans | |
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| Recognizing When VLSM Is Used or Not | |
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| Overlaps When Not Using VLSM | |
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| Overlaps When Using VLSM | |
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| Configuring Overlapping VLSM Subnets | |
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| Router WAN Interface Status | |
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| Filtering Packets with Access Lists | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Creating Redundant First-Hop Routers | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| FHRP Concepts | |
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| The Need for Redundancy in Networks | |
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| The Need for a First Hop Redundancy Protocol | |
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| The Three Solutions for First-Hop Redundancy | |
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| HSRP Concepts | |
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| HSRP Failover | |
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| HSRP Load Balancing | |
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| GLBP Concepts | |
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| FHRP Configuration and Verification | |
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| Configuring and Verifying HSRP | |
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| Configuring and Verifying GLBP | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Virtual Private Networks | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| VPN Fundamentals | |
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| IPsec VPNs | |
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| SSL VPNs | |
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| GRE Tunnels | |
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| GRE Tunnel Concepts | |
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| Routing over GRE Tunnels | |
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| GRE Tunnels over the Unsecured Network | |
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| Configuring GRE Tunnels | |
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| Verifying a GRE Tunnel | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Part II Review | |
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| IP Version 4 Routing Protocols | |
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| Implementing OSPF for IPv4 | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| OSPF Protocols and Operation | |
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| OSPF Overview | |
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| Becoming Neighbors and Exchanging the LSDB | |
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| Agreeing to Become Neighbors | |
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| Fully Exchanging LSAs with Neighbors | |
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| Maintaining Neighbors and the LSDB | |
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| Using Designated Routers on Ethernet Links | |
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| Scaling OSPF Using Areas | |
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| OSPF Areas | |
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| How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation Time | |
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| OSPF Area Design Advantages | |
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| Link-State Advertisements | |
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| Router LSAs Build Most of the Intra-Area Topology | |
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| Network LSAs Complete the Intra-Area Topology | |
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| LSAs in a Multi-Area Design | |
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| Calculating the Best Routes with SPF | |
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| Administrative Distance | |
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| OSPF Configuration and Verification | |
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| OSPFv2 Configuration Overview | |
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| Multi-Area OSPFv2 Configuration Example | |
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| Single-Area Configurations | |
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| Multi-Area Configuration | |
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| Verifying the Multi-Area Configuration | |
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| Verifying the Correct Areas on Each Interface on an ABR | |
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| Verifying Which Router Is DR and BDR | |
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| Verifying the Number and Type of LSAs | |
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| Verifying OSPF Routes | |
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| OSPF Metrics (Cost) | |
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| Setting the Cost Based on Interface Bandwidth | |
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| The Need for a Higher Reference Bandwidth | |
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| OSPF Load Balancing | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Understanding EIGRP Concepts | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| EIGRP and Distance Vector Routing Protocols | |
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| Introduction to EIGRP | |
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| Basic Distance Vector Routing Protocol Features | |
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| The Concept of a Distance and a Vector | |
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| Full Update Messages and Split Horizon | |
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| Route Poisoning | |
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| EIGRP as an Advanced DV Protocol | |
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| EIGRP Sends Partial Update Messages, As Needed | |
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| EIGRP Maintains Neighbor Status Using Hello | |
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| Summary of Interior Routing Protocol Features | |
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| EIGRP Concepts and Operation | |
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| EIGRP Neighbors | |
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| Exchanging EIGRP Topology Information | |
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| Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing Table | |
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| The EIGRP Metric Calculation | |
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| An Example of Calculated EIGRP Metrics | |
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| Caveats with Bandwidth on Serial Links | |
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| EIGRP Convergence | |
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| Feasible Distance and Reported Distance | |
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| EIGRP Successors and Feasible Successors | |
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| The Query and Reply Process | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Implementing EIGRP for IPv4 | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Core EIGRP Configuration and Verification | |
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| EIGRP Configuration | |
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| Configuring EIGRP Using a Wildcard Mask | |
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| Verifying EIGRP Core Features | |
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| Finding the Interfaces on Which EIGRP is Enabled | |
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| Displaying EIGRP Neighbor Status | |
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| Displaying the IPv4 Routing Table | |
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| EIGRP Metrics, Successors, and Feasible Successors | |
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| Viewing the EIGRP Topology Table | |
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| Finding Successor Routes | |
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| Finding Feasible Successor Routes | |
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| Convergence Using the Feasible Successor Route | |
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| Examining the Metric Components | |
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| Other EIGRP Configuration Settings | |
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| Load Balancing Across Multiple EIGRP Routes | |
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| Tuning the EIGRP Metric Calculation | |
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| Autosummarization and Discontiguous Classful Networks | |
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| Automatic Summarization at the Boundary of a Classful Network | |
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| Discontiguous Classful Networks | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Protocols | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Perspectives on Troubleshooting Routing Protocol Problems | |
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| Interfaces Enabled with a Routing Protocol | |
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| EIGRP Interface Troubleshooting | |
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| Examining Working EIGRP Interfaces | |
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| Examining the Problems with EIGRP Interfaces | |
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| OSPF Interface Troubleshooting | |
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| Neighbor Relationships | |
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| EIGRP Neighbor Verification Checks | |
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| EIGRP Neighbor Troubleshooting Example | |
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| OSPF Neighbor Troubleshooting | |
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| Finding Area Mismatches | |
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| Finding Duplicate OSPF Router IDs | |
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| Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer Mismatches | |
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| Other OSPF Issues | |
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| Mismatched OSPF Network Types | |
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| Mismatched MTU Settings | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Review | |
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| Wide-Area Networks | |
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| Implementing Point-to-Point WANs | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Leased Line WANs with HDLC | |
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| Layer 1 Leased Lines | |
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| The Physical Components of a Leased Line | |
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| Leased Lines and the T-Carrier System | |
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| The Role of the CSU/DSU | |
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| Building a WAN Link in a Lab | |
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| Layer 2 Leased Lines with HDLC | |
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| Configuring HDLC | |
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| Leased-Line WANs with PPP | |
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| PPP Concepts | |
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| PPP Framing | |
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| PPP Control Protocols | |
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| PPP Authentication | |
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| Configuring PPP | |
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| CHAP Configuration and Verification | |
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| Troubleshooting Serial Links | |
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| Troubleshooting Layer 1 Problems | |
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| Troubleshooting Layer 2 Problems | |
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| Keepalive Failure | |
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| PAP and CHAP Authentication Failure | |
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| Troubleshooting Layer 3 Problems | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Understanding Frame Relay Concepts | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Frame Relay Overview | |
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| Virtual Circuits | |
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| LMI and Encapsulation Types | |
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| Frame Relay Encapsulation and Framing | |
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| Frame Relay Addressing | |
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| Frame Relay Local Addressing | |
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| Frame Forwarding with One DLCI Field | |
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| Network Layer Addressing with Frame Relay | |
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| Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Containing All Frame Relay DTEs | |
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| Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Per VC | |
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| Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: Hybrid Approach | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Implementing Frame Relay | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Frame Relay Configuration and Verification | |
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| Planning a Frame Relay Configuration | |
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| Configuring Using Physical Interfaces and One IP Subnet | |
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| Configuring the Encapsulation and LMI | |
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| Frame Relay Address Mapping | |
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| Configuring Point-to-Point Subinterfaces | |
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| Configuring with Multipoint Subinterfaces | |
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| OSPF Issues on Frame Relay Multipoint and Physical Interfaces | |
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| Frame Relay Troubleshooting | |
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| A Suggested Frame Relay Troubleshooting Process | |
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| Layer 1 Issues on the Access Link (Step 1) | |
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| Layer 2 Issues on the Access Link (Step 2) | |
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| PVC Problems and Status (Step 3) | |
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| Frame Relay Mapping Issues (Step 4) | |
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| End-to-End Encapsulation (Step 5) | |
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| Mismatched Subnet Numbers (Step 6) | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Identifying Other Types of WANs | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Private WANs to Connect Enterprises | |
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| Leased Lines | |
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| Frame Relay | |
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| Ethernet WANs | |
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| MPLS | |
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| VSAT | |
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| Public WANs and Internet Access | |
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| Internet Access (WAN) Links | |
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| Dial Access with Modems and ISDN | |
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| Digital Subscriber Line | |
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| Cable Internet | |
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| Mobile Phone Access with 3G/4G | |
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| PPP over Ethernet | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Review | |
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| IP Version 6 | |
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| Troubleshooting IPv6 Routing | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Normal IPv6 Operation | |
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| Unicast IPv6 Addresses and IPv6 Subnetting | |
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| Assigning Addresses to Hosts | |
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| Stateful DHCPv6 | |
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| Stateless Address Autoconfiguration | |
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| Router Address and Static Route Configuration | |
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| Configuring IPv6 Routing and Addresses on Routers | |
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| IPv6 Static Routes on Routers | |
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| Verifying IPv6 Connectivity | |
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| Verifying Connectivity from IPv6 Hosts | |
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| Verifying IPv6 from Routers | |
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| Troubleshooting IPv6 | |
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| Pings from the Host Work Only in Some Cases | |
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| Pings Fail from a Host to Its Default Router | |
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| Problems Using Any Function That Requires DNS | |
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| Host Is Missing IPv6 Settings: Stateful DHCP Issues | |
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| Host Is Missing IPv6 Settings: SLAAC Issues | |
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| Traceroute Shows Some Hops, But Fails | |
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| Routing Looks Good, But Traceroute Still Fails | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Implementing OSPF for IPv6 | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| OSPFv3 Configuration | |
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| OSPFv3 ICND1 Configuration Review | |
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| Example Multi-Area OSPFv3 Configuration | |
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| Single Area Configuration on the Three Internal Routers | |
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| Adding Multi-Area Configuration on the Area Border Router | |
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| Other OSPFv3 Configuration Settings | |
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| Setting OSPFv3 Interface Cost to Influence Route Selection | |
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| OSPF Load Balancing | |
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| Injecting Default Routes | |
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| OSPF Concepts, Verification, and Troubleshooting | |
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| OSPFv3 Interfaces | |
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| Verifying OSPFv3 Interfaces | |
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| Troubleshooting OSPFv3 Interfaces | |
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| OSPFv3 Neighbors | |
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| Verifying OSPFv3 Neighbors | |
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| Troubleshooting OSPFv3 Neighbors | |
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| OSPFv3 LSDB and LSAs | |
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| Verifying OSPFv3 LSAs | |
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| Troubleshooting OSPFv3 LSAs | |
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| OSPFv3 Metrics and IPv6 Routes | |
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| Verifying OSPFv3 Interface Cost and Metrics | |
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| Troubleshooting IPv6 Routes Added by OSPFv3 | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Implementing EIGRP for IPv6 | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| EIGRPv6 Configuration | |
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| EIGRPv6 Configuration Basics | |
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| EIGRPv6 Configuration Example | |
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| Other EIGRPv6 Configuration Settings | |
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| Setting Bandwidth and Delay to Influence EIGRPv6 Route Selection | |
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| EIGRP Load Balancing | |
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| EIGRP Timers | |
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| EIGRPv6 Concepts, Verification, and Troubleshooting | |
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| EIGRPv6 Interfaces | |
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| EIGRPv6 Neighbors | |
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| EIGRPv6 Topology Database | |
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| EIGRPv6 IPv6 Routes | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| Review | |
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| Network Management | |
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| Managing Network Devices | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Simple Network Management Protocol | |
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| Describing SNMP | |
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| The Management Information Base | |
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| Configuring SNMP Version 2c | |
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| SNMP Version 3 | |
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| System Message Logging (Syslog) | |
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| An Overview of System Message Logging | |
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| System Message Format | |
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| System Message Severity Levels | |
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| Configuring and Verifying Syslog | |
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| Using a Syslog Server | |
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| NetFlow | |
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| An Overview of NetFlow | |
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| Network Flows | |
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| Configuring NetFlow | |
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| Verifying and Using NetFlow | |
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| The NetFlow Collector | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Managing IOS Files | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| Managing Cisco IOS Files | |
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| Upgrading a Cisco IOS Software Image into Flash Memory | |
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| The Cisco IOS Software Boot Sequence | |
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| The Three Router Operating Systems | |
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| The Configuration Register | |
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| How a Router Chooses Which OS to Load | |
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| Recovering If the IOS Does Not Load | |
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| Verifying the IOS Image Using the show version Command | |
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| Password Recovery | |
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| The General Ideas Behind Cisco Password Recovery/Reset | |
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| A Specific Password Reset Example | |
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| Managing Configuration Files | |
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| Configuration File Basics | |
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| Copying and Erasing Configuration Files | |
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| Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) | |
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| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| Command References | |
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| Managing IOS Licensing | |
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| "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz | |
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| Foundation Topics | |
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| IOS Packaging | |
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| IOS Images per Model, Series, and per Software Version/Release | |
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| Original Packaging: One IOS Image per Feature Set Combination | |
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| New IOS Packaging: One Universal Image with All Feature Sets | |
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| IOS Software Activation with Universal Images | |
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| |
| Managing Software Activation with Cisco License Manager | |
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| |
| Manually Activating Software Using Licenses | |
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| Example of Manually Activating a License | |
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| Showing the Current License Status | |
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| Adding a Permanent Technology Package License | |
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| Right-to-Use Licenses | |
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| |
| Exam Preparation Tasks | |
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| |
| Command Reference to Check Your Memory | |
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| |
| |
| Review | |
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| |
| Final Review | |
| |
| |
| |
| Final Review | |
| |
| |
| Advice About the Exam Event | |
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| |
| Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam Tutorial | |
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| |
| Think About Your Time Budget Versus Numbers of Questions | |
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| |
| A Suggested Time-Check Method | |
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| Miscellaneous Pre-Exam Suggestions | |
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| Exam-Day Advice | |
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| Exam Review | |
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| |
| Practice Subnetting and Other Math-Related Skills | |
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| Take Practice Exams | |
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| |
| Practicing Taking the ICND2 Exam | |
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| Practicing Taking the CCNA Exam | |
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| |
| Advice on How to Answer Exam Questions | |
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| Taking Other Practice Exams | |
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| |
| Find Knowledge Gaps Through Question Review | |
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| |
| Practice Hands-On CLI Skills | |
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| |
| Review Mind Maps from Part Review | |
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| Do Labs | |
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| |
| Other Study Tasks | |
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| |
| Final Thoughts | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Numeric Reference Tables | |
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| ICND2 Exam Updates | |
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| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| DVD-only Appendixes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Memory Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Memory Tables Answer Key | |
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| Mind Map Solutions | |
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| Study Planner | |