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| Introduction | |
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| An Introduction to Server Farms | |
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| Overview of Data Centers | |
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| Data Centers Defined | |
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| Application Architecture Models | |
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| Data Center Architecture | |
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| Data Center Services | |
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| Summary | |
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| Server Architecture Overview | |
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| Network Attachment | |
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| Client and Server Packet Processing | |
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| TCP and Server Applications | |
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| UDP and Server Applications | |
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| Server Availability | |
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| Configuring a Web Server | |
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| Network Architecture Design Options | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Application Architectures Overview | |
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| Taxonomy of Applications and Hosted Servers | |
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| Integration of Applications | |
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| Multitier Applications | |
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| Network Architecture Considerations | |
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| Multitier Design Case Study | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Data Center Design Overview | |
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| Types of Server Farms and Data Centers | |
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| Data Center Topologies | |
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| Fully Redundant Layer 2 and Layer 3 Designs | |
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| Fully Redundant Layer 2 and Layer 3 Designs with Services | |
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| Summary | |
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| Data Center Security Overview | |
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| The Need for a Secure Data Center | |
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| Vulnerabilities and Common Attacks | |
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| Network Security Infrastructure | |
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| Security Fundamentals | |
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| Data Center Security Framework | |
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| Summary | |
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| Server Load-Balancing Overview | |
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| Load Balancing Defined | |
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| Key Concepts of Load Balancing | |
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| High Availability Considerations | |
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| Generic Load Balancer Architecture | |
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| Summary | |
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| Server Farm Protocols | |
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| IP, TCP, and UDP | |
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| Layers and Protocols | |
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| IP | |
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| TCP | |
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| UDP | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| HTTP and Related Concepts | |
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| Resources and Messages | |
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| HTTP Overview | |
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| HTTP General Header | |
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| Request Header | |
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| Response Header | |
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| Entity Header | |
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| Summary | |
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| SSL and TLS | |
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| SSL Overview | |
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| SSL Operations | |
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| Performance Implications of SSL | |
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| Authentication and Digital Certificates | |
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| SSL Ciphersuites | |
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| Analyzing SSL Traces | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| DNS Essentials and Site-Selection Considerations | |
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| DNS Architecture | |
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| DNS Components | |
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| DNS Resolution Process | |
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| Redundant Name Servers | |
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| Transport Protocols | |
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| DNS Caching | |
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| Distribution of Multiple Records | |
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| DNS Server Placement | |
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| Site-Selection Considerations | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Streaming Protocols Overview | |
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| Download-and-Play, HTTP Streaming, and Real-Time Streaming | |
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| UDP Versus TCP | |
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| Analog and Digital Video | |
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| Codecs | |
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| Packetization | |
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| Transport Formats | |
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| Control Protocols | |
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| Unicast, Multicast, and Stream Splitting | |
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| Streaming Products | |
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| Summary | |
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| Infrastructure Protocols | |
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| Layer 2 Protocol Essentials | |
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| IEEE 802 | |
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| Ethernet | |
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| Ethernet Switching | |
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| Layer 2 Protocols | |
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| VLANs and Trunks | |
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| EtherChannels | |
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| STP | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Layer 3 Protocol Essentials | |
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| ARP Protocol and Tables | |
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| HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP | |
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| OSPF | |
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| EIGRP | |
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| NAT | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| IBM Data Center Technology | |
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| Mainframes | |
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| IBM Data Center Components | |
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| Mainframe Attachment Options | |
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| IBM Networking | |
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| SNA over TCP/IP | |
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| Sysplex and Parallel Sysplex | |
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| IBM Data Centers Today | |
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| Summary | |
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| Security and Server Load Balancing | |
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| Security Protocols and Technologies | |
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| Cryptography | |
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| U.S. Government and Cryptography | |
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| PKI | |
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| Transport Security | |
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| Authentication Protocols and Technologies | |
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| Network Management Security | |
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| Summary | |
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| Load-Balancing Modes and Predictors | |
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| Modes of Operation | |
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| Load-Balancing Algorithms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Server Health Management | |
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| Load-Balancing Terminology | |
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| Server Management | |
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| Server Management Interface | |
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| Server Failure Detection | |
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| Probe Types | |
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| Out-of-Band Probes | |
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| Case Study: Server Health for Virtual Hosting | |
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| Case Study: HTTP and HTTPS | |
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| Summary | |
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| Session Tracking and Cookies | |
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| What a Session Is and Why It Matters | |
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| Cookies | |
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| How Servers Track User Sessions | |
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| Session Persistence for Server Clusters | |
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| Summary | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Persistence Mechanisms on Load Balancers | |
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| The Concept of Session Persistence | |
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| Persistence Considerations for Clients Using Proxy Servers | |
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| Persistence Using Session Sharing Servers | |
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| Session Persistence Mechanisms | |
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| Source IP Sticky | |
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| Cookie Sticky | |
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| URL Sticky | |
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| HTTP Redirection Sticky | |
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| SSL Sticky | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Summary | |
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| Data Center Design | |
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| Designing the Data Center Infrastructure | |
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| Topology Overview | |
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| Switching Paths | |
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| Using VLANs to Virtualize the Physical Data Center Infrastructure | |
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| Link Redundancy and Load Distribution | |
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| Spanning-Tree Considerations | |
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| Internal Redundancy Considerations | |
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| Layer 2 Data Center Design | |
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| Layer 3 Data Center Design | |
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| Summary | |
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| Integrating Security into the Infrastructure | |
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| Defining Security Zones | |
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| Internet Edge | |
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| Campus Core | |
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| Intranet Server Farms | |
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| Server-Farm Design Alternatives | |
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| Management Network | |
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| Summary | |
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| Performance Metrics of Data Center Devices | |
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| Traffic Patterns Overview | |
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| Performance Metrics Overview | |
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| Load Balancer and SSL Offloader Metrics | |
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| Testing Performance Metrics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Character Sets | |
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| HTTP Header Fields | |
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| Video Encoding Mechanisms | |
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| Loopback Interface Configuration Procedures | |
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| Configuring Servers to Insert Cookies | |
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| Client-Side and Server-Side Programming | |
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| Index | |