| |
| |
| |
A Prelude to Control Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
An ancient control system | |
| |
| |
| |
Examples of control problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Open-loop control systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Closed-loop control systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Stable and unstable systems | |
| |
| |
| |
A look at controller design | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Mathematical Models in Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Introductory examples: pendulum problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: fixed pendulum | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: inverted pendulum on a cart | |
| |
| |
| |
State variables and linear systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Controllability and observability | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Damping and system response | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability of linear systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability of nonlinear systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Robust stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Controller design | |
| |
| |
| |
State-variable feedback control | |
| |
| |
| |
Second-order systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Higher-order systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Proportional-integral-derivative control | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: automobile cruise control system | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: temperature control | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: controlling dynamics of a servomotor | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlinear control systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Linearization | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy Logic for Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzziness and linguistic rules | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy sets in control | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining fuzzy sets | |
| |
| |
| |
Minimum, maximum, and complement | |
| |
| |
| |
Triangular norms, conorms, and negations | |
| |
| |
| |
Averaging operators | |
| |
| |
| |
Sensitivity of functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Extreme measure of sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Average sensitivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining fuzzy rules | |
| |
| |
| |
Products of fuzzy sets | |
| |
| |
| |
Mamdani model | |
| |
| |
| |
Larsen model | |
| |
| |
| |
Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) model | |
| |
| |
| |
Tsukamoto model | |
| |
| |
| |
Truth tables for fuzzy logic | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy partitions | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Equivalence relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Order relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Defuzzification | |
| |
| |
| |
Center of area method | |
| |
| |
| |
Height-center of area method | |
| |
| |
| |
Max criterion method | |
| |
| |
| |
First of maxima method | |
| |
| |
| |
Middle of maxima method | |
| |
| |
| |
Level curves and alpha-cuts | |
| |
| |
| |
Extension principle | |
| |
| |
| |
Images of alpha-level sets | |
| |
| |
| |
Universal approximation | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy Control | |
| |
| |
| |
A fuzzy controller for an inverted pendulum | |
| |
| |
| |
Main approaches to fuzzy control | |
| |
| |
| |
Mamdani and Larsen methods | |
| |
| |
| |
Model-based fuzzy control | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability of fuzzy control systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy controller design | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: automobile cruise control | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: controlling dynamics of a servomotor | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Neural Networks for Control | |
| |
| |
| |
What is a neural network? | |
| |
| |
| |
Implementing neural networks | |
| |
| |
| |
Learning capability | |
| |
| |
| |
The delta rule | |
| |
| |
| |
The backpropagation algorithm | |
| |
| |
| |
Example 1: training a neural network | |
| |
| |
| |
Example 2: training a neural network | |
| |
| |
| |
Practical issues in training | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Neural Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Why neural networks in control | |
| |
| |
| |
Inverse dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Neural networks in direct neural control | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: temperature control | |
| |
| |
| |
A neural network for temperature control | |
| |
| |
| |
Simulating PI control with a neural network | |
| |
| |
| |
Neural networks in indirect neural control | |
| |
| |
| |
System identification | |
| |
| |
| |
Example: system identification | |
| |
| |
| |
Instantaneous linearization | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy-Neural and Neural-Fuzzy Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuzzy concepts in neural networks | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic principles of fuzzy-neural systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic principles of neural-fuzzy systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Adaptive network fuzzy inference systems | |
| |
| |
| |
ANFIS learning algorithm | |
| |
| |
| |
Generating fuzzy rules | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises and projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
A survey of industrial applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Cooling scheme for laser materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Color quality processing | |
| |
| |
| |
Identification of trash in cotton | |
| |
| |
| |
Integrated pest management systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Comments | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
Index | |