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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Microfluidics? | |
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| Relationships Among MEMS, Nanotechnology, and Microfluidics | |
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| Commercial Aspects | |
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| Scientific Aspects | |
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| Milestones of Microfluidics | |
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| Device Development | |
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| Technology Development | |
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| Organization of the Book | |
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| References | |
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| Fluid Mechanics Theory | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Intermolecular Forces | |
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| The Three States of Matter | |
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| Continuum Assumption | |
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| Continuum Fluid Mechanics at Small Scales | |
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| Gas Flows | |
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| Liquid Flows | |
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| Boundary Conditions | |
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| Parallel Flows | |
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| Low Reynolds Number Flows | |
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| Entrance Effects | |
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| Surface Tension | |
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| Molecular Approaches | |
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| MD | |
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| DSMC Technique | |
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| Electrokinetics | |
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| Electro-osmosis | |
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| Electrophoresis | |
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| Dielectrophoresis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Fabrication Techniques for Microfluidics | |
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| Basic Microtechniques | |
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| Photolithography | |
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| Additive Techniques | |
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| Subtractive Techniques | |
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| Pattern Transfer Techniques | |
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| Functional Materials | |
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| Materials Related to Silicon Technology | |
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| Polymers | |
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| Silicon-Based Micromachining Techniques | |
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| Silicon Bulk Micromachining | |
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| Silicon Surface Micromachining | |
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| Polymer-Based Micromachining Techniques | |
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| Thick Resist Lithography | |
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| Polymeric Bulk Micromachining | |
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| Polymeric Surface Micromachining | |
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| Microstereo Lithography | |
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| Micromolding | |
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| Other Micromachining Techniques | |
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| Subtractive Techniques | |
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| Additive Techniques | |
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| Assembly and Packaging of Microfluidic Devices | |
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| Wafer Level Assembly and Packaging | |
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| Device Level Packaging | |
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| Biocompatibility | |
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| Material Response | |
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| Tissue and Cellular Response | |
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| Biocompatibility Tests | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Experimental Flow Characterization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Pointwise Methods | |
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| Full-Field Methods | |
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| Overview of [mu]PIV | |
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| Fundamental Physics Considerations of [mu]PIV | |
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| Special Processing Methods for [mu]PIV Recordings | |
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| Advanced Processing Methods Suitable for Both Micro/Macro-PIV Recordings | |
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| [mu]PIV Examples | |
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| Flow in a Microchannel | |
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| Flow in a Micronozzle | |
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| Flow Around a Blood Cell | |
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| Flow in Microfluidic Biochip | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Extensions of the [mu]PIV Technique | |
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| Microfluidic Nanoscope | |
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| Microparticle Image Thermometry | |
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| Infrared [mu]PIV | |
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| Particle Tracking Velocimetry | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for External Flow Control | |
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| Velocity and Turbulence Measurement | |
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| Velocity Sensors | |
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| Shear Stress Sensors | |
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| Turbulence Control | |
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| Microflaps | |
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| Microballoon | |
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| Microsynthetic Jet | |
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| Microair Vehicles | |
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| Fixed-Wing MAV | |
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| Flapping-Wing MAV | |
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| Microrotorcraft | |
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| Microrockets | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microvalves | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Actuators | |
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| Valve Spring | |
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| Valve Seat | |
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| Pressure Compensation Design | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Pneumatic Valves | |
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| Thermopneumatic Valves | |
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| Thermomechanical Valves | |
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| Piezoelectric Valves | |
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| Electrostatic Valves | |
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| Electromagnetic Valves | |
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| Electrochemical and Chemical Valves | |
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| Capillary-Force Valves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Micropumps | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Mechanical Pumps | |
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| Nonmechanical Pumps | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Mechanical Pumps | |
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| Nonmechanical Pumps | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: Microflow Sensors | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Design Parameters | |
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| Nonthermal Flow Sensors | |
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| Thermal Flow Sensors | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Nonthermal Flow Sensors | |
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| Thermal Flow Sensors | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microneedles | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Mechanical Design | |
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| Delivery Modes | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Solid Microneedles | |
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| Hollow Microneedles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Micromixers | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Parallel Lamination | |
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| Sequential Lamination | |
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| Sequential Segmentation | |
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| Segmentation Based on Injection | |
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| Focusing of Mixing Streams | |
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| Formation of Droplets and Chaotic Advection | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Passive Micromixers | |
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| Active Micromixers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microdispensers | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Droplet Dispensers | |
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| In-Channel Dispensers | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Droplet Dispensers | |
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| In-Channel Dispensers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microfilters and Microseparators | |
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| Microfilters | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Microseparator | |
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| Cell and Particle Sorter | |
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| Chromatography | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microreactors | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Specification Bases for Microreactors | |
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| Miniaturization of Chemical Processes | |
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| Functional Elements of a Microreactor | |
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| Design Examples | |
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| Gas-Phase Reactors | |
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| Liquid-Phase Reactors | |
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| Multiphase Reactors | |
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| Microreactors for Cell Treatment | |
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| Hybridization Arrays | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| Resources for Microfluidics Research | |
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| Abbreviations of Different Plastics | |
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| Linear Elastic Deflection Models | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Index | |