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Introduction | |
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Historical Development of the Assembly Process | |
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Choice of Assembly Method | |
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Social Effects of Automation | |
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References | |
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Automatic Assembly Transfer Systems | |
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Continuous Transfer | |
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Intermittent Transfer | |
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Indexing Mechanisms | |
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Operator-Paced Free-Transfer Machine | |
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References | |
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Automatic Feeding and Orienting - Vibratory Feeders | |
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Mechanics of Vibratory Conveying | |
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Effect of Frequency | |
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Effect of Track Acceleration | |
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Effect of Vibration Angle | |
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Effect of Track Angle | |
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Effect of Coefficient of Friction | |
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Estimating the Mean Conveying Velocity | |
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Load Sensitivity | |
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Solutions to Load Sensitivity | |
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Spiral Elevators | |
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Balanced Feeders | |
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Orientation of Parts | |
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Typical Orienting System | |
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Effect of Active Orienting Devices on Feed Rate | |
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Analysis of Orienting Systems | |
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Orienting System | |
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Method of System Analysis | |
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Optimization | |
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Performance of an Orienting Device | |
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Analysis | |
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Natural Resting Aspects of Parts for Automatic Handling | |
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Assumptions | |
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Analysis for Soft Surfaces | |
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Analysis for Hard Surfaces | |
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Analysis for Cylinders and Prisms with Displaced Centers of Mass | |
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Summary of Results | |
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Analysis of a Typical Orienting System | |
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Design of Orienting Devices | |
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Out-of-Bowl Tooling | |
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References | |
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Automatic Feeding and Orienting - Mechanical Feeders | |
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Reciprocating-Tube Hopper Feeder | |
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General Features | |
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Specific Applications | |
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Centerboard Hopper Feeder | |
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Maximum Track Inclination | |
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Load Sensitivity and Efficiency | |
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Reciprocating-Fork Hopper Feeder | |
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External Gate Hopper Feeder | |
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Feed Rate | |
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Load Sensitivity and Efficiency | |
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Rotary-Disk Feeder | |
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Indexing Rotary-Disk Feeder | |
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Rotary-Disk Feeder with Continuous Drive | |
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Load Sensitivity and Efficiency | |
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Centrifugal Hopper Feeder | |
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Feed Rate | |
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Efficiency | |
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Stationary-Hook Hopper Feeder | |
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Design of the Hook | |
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Feed Rate | |
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Bladed-Wheel Hopper Feeder | |
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Tumbling-Barrel Hopper Feeder | |
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Feed Rate | |
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Rotary-Centerboard Hopper Feeder | |
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Magnetic-Disk Feeder | |
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Elevating Hopper Feeder | |
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Magnetic Elevating Hopper Feeder | |
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Magazines | |
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References | |
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Feed Tracks, Escapements, Parts-Placement Mechanisms, and Robots | |
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Gravity Feed Tracks | |
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Analysis of Horizontal-Delivery Feed Track | |
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Example | |
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On/Off Sensors | |
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Theory | |
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Feed Track Section | |
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Design of Gravity Feed Tracks for Headed Parts | |
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Analysis | |
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Results | |
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Procedure for Use of Figure 5.17 to Figure 5.20 | |
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Powered Feed Tracks | |
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Example | |
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Escapements | |
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Ratchet Escapements | |
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Slide Escapements | |
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Drum Escapements | |
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Gate Escapements | |
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Jaw Escapements | |
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Parts-Placing Mechanisms | |
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Assembly Robots | |
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Terminology | |
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Advantages of Robot Assembly | |
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Magazines | |
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Types of Magazine Systems | |
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Automatic Feeders for Robot Assembly | |
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Economics of Part Presentation | |
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Design of Robot Assembly Systems | |
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References | |
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Performance and Economics of Assembly Systems | |
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Indexing Machines | |
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Effect of Parts Quality on Downtime | |
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Effects of Parts Quality on Production Time | |
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Effect of Parts Quality on the Cost of Assembly | |
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Free-Transfer Machines | |
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Performance of a Free-Transfer Machine | |
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Average Production Time for a Free-Transfer Machine | |
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Number of Personnel Needed for Fault Correction | |
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Basis for Economic Comparisons of Automation Equipment | |
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Basic Cost Equations | |
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Comparison of Indexing and Free-Transfer Machines | |
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Indexing Machine | |
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Free-Transfer Machine | |
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Effect of Production Volume | |
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Economics of Robot Assembly | |
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Parts Presentation | |
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Profile of Typical Candidate Assembly | |
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Single-Station Systems | |
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Equipment Costs | |
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Personnel Costs | |
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Parts Quality | |
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Basic Cost Equation | |
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Multistation Transfer Systems | |
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Equipment Costs | |
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Cost Equation | |
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References | |
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Design for Manual Assembly | |
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Introduction | |
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Where Design for Assembly Fits in the Design Process | |
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General Design Guidelines for Manual Assembly | |
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Design Guidelines for Part Handling | |
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Design Guidelines for Insertion and Fastening | |
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Development of a Systematic DFA Analysis Method | |
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DFA Index | |
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Classification System for Manual Handling | |
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Classification System for Manual Insertion and Fastening | |
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Effect of Part Symmetry on Handling Time | |
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Effect of Part Thickness and Size on Handling Time | |
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Effect of Weight on Handling Time | |
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Parts Requiring Two Hands for Manipulation | |
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Effects of Combinations of Factors | |
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Threaded Fasteners | |
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Effects of Holding Down | |
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Problems with Manual Assembly Time Standards | |
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Application of the DFA Method | |
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Results of the Analysis | |
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Further General Design Guidelines | |
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References | |
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Product Design for High-Speed Automatic Assembly and Robot Assembly | |
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Introduction | |
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Design of Parts for High-Speed Feeding and Orienting | |
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Example | |
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Additional Feeding Difficulties | |
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High-Speed Automatic Insertion | |
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Example | |
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Analysis of an Assembly | |
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General Rules for Product Design for Automation | |
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Design of Parts for Feeding and Orienting | |
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Summary of Design Rules for High-Speed Automatic Assembly | |
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Rules for Product Design | |
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Rules for the Design of Parts | |
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Product Design for Robot Assembly | |
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Summary of Design Rules for Robot Assembly | |
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References | |
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Printed-Circuit-Board Assembly | |
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Introduction | |
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Terminology | |
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Assembly Process for PCBs | |
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SMD Technology | |
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Estimation of PCB Assembly Costs | |
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Worksheet and Database for PCB Assembly Cost Analysis | |
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Instructions | |
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PCB Assembly - Equations and Data for Total Operation Cost | |
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Manual | |
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Autoinsertion Machine | |
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Robot Insertion Machine | |
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Glossary of Terms | |
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References | |
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Feasibility Study for Assembly Automation | |
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Machine Design Factors to Reduce Machine Downtime Due to Defective Parts | |
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Feasibility Study | |
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Precedence Diagrams | |
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Manual Assembly of Plug | |
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Quality Levels of Parts | |
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Parts Feeding and Assembly | |
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Special-Purpose Machine Layout and Performance | |
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Indexing Machine | |
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Free-Transfer Machine | |
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Robot Assembly of the Power Plug | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Simple Method for the Determination of the Coefficient of Dynamic Friction | |
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The Method | |
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Analysis | |
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Precision of the Method | |
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Discussion | |
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Reference | |
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Out-of-Phase Vibratory Conveyors | |
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Out-of-Phase Conveying | |
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Practical Applications | |
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Reference | |
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Laboratory Experiments | |
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Performance of a Vibratory-Bowl Feeder | |
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Objectives | |
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Equipment | |
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Procedure | |
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Theory | |
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Presentation of Results | |
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Performance of a Horizontal-Delivery Gravity Feed Track | |
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Objectives | |
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Equipment (Objective 1) | |
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Theory (Objective 1) | |
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Procedure (Objective 1) | |
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Results (Objective 1) | |
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Equipment (Objective 2) | |
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Theory (Objective 2) | |
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Procedure (Objective 2) | |
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Results (Objective 2) | |
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Conclusions | |
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Feeding and Orienting Techniques for Small Parts | |
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Coding System | |
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Introduction to the Coding System | |
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Coding Examples | |
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Sample Parts for Practice | |
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Analysis of the Coding of the Sample Parts | |
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Coding System for Small Parts | |
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Feeding and Orienting Techniques | |
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Orienting Devices for Vibratory-Bowl Feeders | |
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Nonvibratory Feeders | |
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Nomenclature | |
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Index | |