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| Introduction | |
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| 1454-1600: Two Major Transformations | |
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| Christian Beginnings in America | |
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| The preconquest era | |
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| The conquest begins | |
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| Subduing the Aztecs | |
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| Conquering the Incas | |
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| Colonization of Brazil | |
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| Requerimiento, encomienda, and conquistadors | |
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| Defending the rights of indigenous peoples | |
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| Characteristics of Christian life in sixteenth-century America | |
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| Women in Catholic America | |
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| Beginnings of the transformation of Christianity in America | |
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| African Christianity in the Sixteenth Century | |
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| Ancient roots of Christianity in Africa | |
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| West African culture and Portuguese incursions | |
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| Africa, Christianity, and the slave trade | |
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| Ethiopian Christianity | |
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| Christianity Re-encounters Asia | |
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| Western Christianity comes to Asia | |
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| St. Thomas Churches and Indian Christianity | |
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| Arrival of the Portuguese | |
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| Francis Xavier and the Jesuits | |
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| Christian beginnings in Japan | |
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| Christianity reaches the Phillippines | |
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| Europeans in the East Indies and Indochina | |
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| Europe in an Age of Reform | |
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| A changing Europe steps onto a global stage | |
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| The humanists and European cultural transformation | |
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| Francisco Xim�nes de Cisneros and reforms in Spain | |
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| Erasmus of Rotterdam and the broad current of humanist learning | |
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| Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation in Germany | |
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| Spread of the Lutheran reform beyond Saxony | |
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| Ulrich Zwingli and the city of Zurich | |
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| The first Anabaptists, the Swiss Brethren | |
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| Wide diffusion of the Anabaptists | |
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| John Calvin and the Geneva Reformation | |
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| Spread of the Reformed faith | |
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| Separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII | |
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| Reform in Scotland | |
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| Early Unitarians | |
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| Catholic reforms led by religious orders | |
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| Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits | |
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| The Council of Trent and Catholic institutional reform | |
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| The legacy of a turbulent century | |
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| Orthodoxy amid the Empires | |
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| Islamic empires | |
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| Christians under Ottoman rule | |
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| The Coptic Church in Egypt | |
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| Christians under Safavid Persian rule | |
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| The Russian Orthodox Church | |
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| The Ukrainian Church on the borderlands | |
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| World Christianity at the End of the Sixteenth Century | |
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| Protestant confessional formations in Europe | |
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| Roman Catholic reform and development | |
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| Orthodoxy and the Ottoman empire | |
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| Conflicts in world Christianity beyond Europe | |
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| The Seventeenth Century: Global Religious and Secular Encounters | |
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| Eastern Asia in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| The doors of China swing open...and shut | |
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| Jesuits enter the Middle Kingdom | |
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| Controversy over adaptation of Christianity to Chinese culture | |
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| Korean beginnings | |
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| Christian twilight in Japan | |
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| Vietnam | |
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| Siam and Cambodia | |
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| Catholics and Reformed in the East Indies | |
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| Spain and Catholic religion in the Philippines | |
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| South Asia in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| Disputes over Roman Catholic and St. Thomas rites | |
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| Christian witness in the Mughul empire | |
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| Roberto de Nobili and Christian adaptation in Hindu Madurai | |
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| African Christian Kingdoms | |
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| African in the emerging global slave trade | |
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| Central Africa | |
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| Ethiopia | |
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| East and southeast Africa | |
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| The Caribbean and South America | |
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| The Caribbean | |
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| Slavery | |
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| Brazil | |
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| Spanish America | |
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| Religious practices in America | |
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| North America | |
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| Spanish and French Catholic beginnings in North America | |
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| The Franciscan century in New Mexico | |
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| The English in North America | |
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| Colonies of Virginia, New Amsterdam, Maryland, and Pennsylvania | |
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| Africans in North America | |
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| Europe in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| Rationalism and science | |
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| Wars of religion and European realignment | |
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| Roman Catholic reforms amid internal tensions | |
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| Three important movements within Protestantism | |
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| Developments in German Lutheranism | |
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| Developments in Reformed Churches in continental Europe | |
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| Anabaptists | |
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| Reformed ferment and civil war in England | |
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| The Quakers | |
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| Baptists and the emergence of the Free Church ideal | |
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| Religious toleration in England | |
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| Orthodox Churches and Christian Identity in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| Churches among empires | |
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| Orthodox communities in the Balkans | |
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| The Maronite Church in Lebanon | |
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| Theological conflicts in the ecumenical patriarchate | |
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| The Coptic Church and the Ottomans | |
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| Armenian Christians between Russia and the Ottomans | |
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| Kurds between Christians and Muslims | |
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| The East Syrian Church continues to decline | |
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| Orthodoxy in Russia and the Ukraine | |
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| The Eighteenth Century: Independence, Liberation, Awakenings | |
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| Africa in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| An overview | |
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| Strengthening within Islam | |
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| West Africa | |
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| Abolitionism begins | |
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| Southern Africa | |
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| Ethiopia and East Africa | |
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| The Eighteenth Century in Europe | |
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| The European Enlightenment | |
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| Renewal of Catholic life and worship | |
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| The Jansenist controversy | |
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| Developments in Protestant intellectual and spiritual life | |
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| Pietism and the religion of the heart | |
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| Wesleyan movement and evangelical revivalism | |
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| Expansion of "Free" Churches | |
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| Development in church music | |
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| Impact of the Industrial Revolution on European religious life | |
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| The French Revolution creates a new world for Christianity | |
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| The Orthodox World in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| The Russian Orthodox Church and the tsars | |
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| Orthodoxy under the Ottomans in the Balkans and west Asia | |
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| Coptic Church in the eighteenth century | |
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| Armenian Christianity in the eighteenth century | |
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| Syrian Orthodoxy in Persia | |
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| Islam and Christianity | |
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| Christianity in East and Southeast Asia amid Colonial Conflicts | |
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| China and self-inflicted Christian wounds | |
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| Korea | |
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| Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand | |
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| The Philippines | |
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| The Dutch East Indies | |
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| South Asia | |
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| South America and the Caribbean in an Age of Revolution | |
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| The Caribbean | |
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| South America | |
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| Social upheavals | |
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| North America Undergoes Awakening and Revolution | |
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| Revivals and awakening in the North American context | |
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| Africans develop a distinct form of Christianity | |
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| Missions to Native Americans in the eastern colonies | |
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| Missions to Native Americans in the West | |
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| The War of Independence | |
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| Freedom of religion in the new nation | |
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| The varieties of religion in the early United States | |
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| Forming new churches | |
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| African American churches emerge | |
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| Developments in Canada | |
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| Russian Orthodox missions in the Northwest | |
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| Index | |