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| List of Maps | |
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| Prologue | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Muhammad and the Establishment of Islam | |
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| The Revelations and Early Years in Mecca | |
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| Muhammad's Move to Medina | |
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| Reclaiming Mecca | |
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| In Praise of Muhammad | |
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| Islam, the Religious System | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Spread of Islam | |
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| The Question of War | |
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| The Caliphate | |
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| Islamic Civilization | |
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| The Mediterranean | |
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| Invasions: Turks and Mongols | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The First Christian Responses to Islam | |
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| Early Criticism of the Islamic Religion | |
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| The View from the West | |
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| History, Eschatology, and Martyrdom: The Martyrs of Cordoba | |
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| Islam in the Eyes of the Medieval West: A "Deformed Image" | |
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| The Case against Muhammad | |
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| Islamic Practices | |
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| Positive Words on Islam | |
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| The Western Counteroffensive: The Reconquest of Spain and the Crusades to the Holy Land | |
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| The Recovery of Spain and Portugal | |
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| The Call for Crusade against the Holy Land | |
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| Factors behind the Crusades | |
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| The Significance of the Sermon | |
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| The Nature of Crusade | |
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| The Response to the Call | |
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| A Calamitous Beginning | |
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| The First Crusade | |
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| The Second and Third Crusades | |
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| Other Crusades | |
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| Results of the Crusades | |
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| Translating Islam: Peter the Venerable and the Spanish Connection | |
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| Christian Attempts to Convert Muslims: Peaceful Missions and Conversion by Force | |
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| The Mendicant Orders: Franciscans and Dominicans | |
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| Conversion by Force of Arms | |
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| Bridges from Christendom to Islam: Examples of Cooperation | |
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| The Philosophers and Islam | |
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| A Convert from Judaism | |
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| Thomas Aquinas | |
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| Sicily and Southern Italy: Cooperation and Forced Conversion | |
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| The Renaissance: Thoughts of Rapprochement and Dialogue | |
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| John of Segovia | |
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| Nicholas of Cusa | |
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| The Words of a Pope: Pius II | |
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| Theodore Bibliander | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Turks as a Sign of the End of the Age: Luther and de Susannis | |
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| Martin Luther | |
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| The Traditional Catholic View: Marquardus de Susannis and the De Iudaeis | |
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| The Sea Explorers and Western Colonialism: Europe Outflanks and Overpowers the Islamic World | |
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| Christopher Columbus | |
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| The Portuguese Navigators | |
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| A Shift in Power | |
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| Western Imperialism: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries | |
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| Napoleon and the First Signs of Imperialism | |
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| Colonialism and Islam | |
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| Results of Western Colonialism | |
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| Modern Views of Islam: From Rejection to Acceptance | |
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| The Study of Arabic | |
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| Early Writers from the Enlightenment | |
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| Theological Views: Positive Elements in Islam | |
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| Theological Views: The Negative Side | |
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| Romanticism: The Middle East as Exotic | |
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| The Academic Study of Islam | |
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| Interreligious Dialogue | |
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| Is the Qur'an the Word of God? | |
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| From the Muslim Side | |
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| Zionism and the Establishment of the State of Israel | |
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| The Beginnings of Zionism | |
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| British Support for Zionism | |
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| British Power Interests and Israel | |
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| The Balfour Declaration | |
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| Palestinian Arabs | |
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| Early Settlers | |
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| The Failure of Attempts to Extricate Jews | |
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| The Creation of the State of Israel | |
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| The Nature of the Conflict | |
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| Summary | |
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| An Overview of Islam and the West Today | |
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| A Resurgent Islam | |
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| Problems between the West and the Islamic World | |
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| The West | |
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| Other Problem Areas | |
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| Islam in the West | |
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| Conclusion: The Place of Religion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Index | |