Foreword | p. vii |
Environmental Governance: Whose Voice? Whose Choice? | p. 1 |
The Scope of Our Decisions | p. 2 |
Governance Is Crucial | p. 2 |
Ecosystems: The Governance Frontier | p. 5 |
What Is Environmental Governance? | p. 5 |
Unfamiliar but Everyday | p. 6 |
Does Governance Reach Beyond Governments? | p. 7 |
What Is At Stake? | p. 8 |
Better Governance, Better Equity | p. 14 |
Participation and Accountability | p. 15 |
Principles of Environmental Governance | p. 19 |
Reconsidering Environmental Governance | p. 22 |
Environmental Governance Today | p. 23 |
Governance in a Changing World | p. 24 |
Grading Environmental Governance | p. 39 |
Good Governance, Healthy Ecosystems | p. 43 |
Public Participation and Access | p. 47 |
Access Intitiative Findings: The State of Access | p. 51 |
Access to Information | p. 51 |
Access to Decision-Makers and Opportunities to Participate | p. 57 |
Access to Justice and Redress | p. 59 |
Improving Access: What's Needed? | p. 61 |
Awakening Civil Society | p. 65 |
Civil Society: Power in Numbers | p. 66 |
A Multitude of Roles | p. 71 |
Civil Society Is Not Perfect | p. 75 |
Empowered or Marginalized? | p. 79 |
Building the Capacity of Civil Society | p. 81 |
Decentralization: A Local Voice | p. 89 |
What is Decentralization? | p. 90 |
Effective Democratic Decentralization | p. 92 |
Decentralization Today: Partial Progress | p. 97 |
Supporting Better Decentralization | p. 101 |
Driving Business Accountability | p. 107 |
Beyond Traditional Regulation | p. 108 |
Information Disclosure Is the Key | p. 110 |
Government-Mandated Disclosure | p. 111 |
Voluntary Corporate Disclosure | p. 116 |
Regulation by Civil Society | p. 123 |
Supporting the Transition to Accountability | p. 131 |
International Environmental Governance | p. 137 |
Setting Environmental Policy: A Symphony of Organizations | p. 139 |
Environmental Treaties: A Consensus for Stewardship | p. 145 |
Financing the Global Environment: Paying the Piper Poorly? | p. 152 |
Strengthening International Governance: Priority Tasks | p. 153 |
International Trade and Finance: Can Environment Be Integrated? | p. 156 |
Investing in the Environment? | p. 161 |
New Players, More Inclusive Processes | p. 166 |
Principles to Guide International Governance Reform | p. 169 |
A World of Decisions: Case Studies | p. 173 |
Mind over Mussels: Rethinking Mapelane Reserve (Sokhulu, South Africa) | p. 174 |
The New Iran: Toward Environmental Democracy (Lazoor, Iran) | p. 182 |
Ok Tedi Mine: Unearthing Controversy (Papua New Guinea) | p. 188 |
Women, Water, and Work: The Success of the Self-Employed Women's Association (Gujarat, India) | p. 198 |
Earth Charter: Charting a Course for the Future (Global) | p. 208 |
Toward a Better Balance | p. 215 |
Adopt Environmental Management Approaches that Respect Ecosystems | p. 216 |
Build the Capacity for Public Participation | p. 216 |
Recognize All Affected Stakeholders in Environmental Decisions | p. 218 |
Integrate Environmental Sustainability in Economic Decision-Making | p. 218 |
Strengthen Global Environmental Cooperation | p. 219 |
Decisions for the Earth | p. 221 |
Recommendations | p. 221 |
Data Tables | p. 230 |
Governance and Access to Information | p. 234 |
Global Governance: Participation in Major Multilateral Agreements | p. 238 |
Financial Flows, Government Expenditures, and Corporations | p. 242 |
Economic Indicators | p. 246 |
Agriculture and Food | p. 250 |
Biodiversity and Protected Areas | p. 254 |
Climate and Atmosphere | p. 258 |
Energy | p. 262 |
Fisheries and Aquaculture | p. 266 |
Forests, Grasslands, and Drylands | p. 270 |
Freshwater Resources | p. 274 |
Population, Health, and Human Well-Being | p. 278 |
Acknowledgments | p. 284 |
References | p. 287 |
Index | p. 307 |
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