| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Controlling U.S. Trade Policy | |
| |
| |
| Objectives of this Book | |
| |
| |
| |
| Protection, Free Trade, and Congress | |
| |
| |
| Nationalists and the American System | |
| |
| |
| The Free Trade Alternative | |
| |
| |
| The Basic Economic Argument | |
| |
| |
| The United States and Free Trade | |
| |
| |
| The Realist View | |
| |
| |
| Congress and Trade | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Protection to Reciprocal Trade | |
| |
| |
| Commercial Isolation | |
| |
| |
| The Fordney-McCumber Tariff | |
| |
| |
| The Farm Problem and the Split Among Democrats | |
| |
| |
| The Smoot-Hawley Tariff | |
| |
| |
| Reciprocal Trade | |
| |
| |
| The 1932 Election and Its Aftermath | |
| |
| |
| The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act | |
| |
| |
| Implementing the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Neutrality to Bretton Woods and the GATT | |
| |
| |
| Trade and War | |
| |
| |
| The Neutrality Laws | |
| |
| |
| Lend-Lease Act | |
| |
| |
| Freezing Assets | |
| |
| |
| Transforming the World Trading System | |
| |
| |
| Making Preparations | |
| |
| |
| Congressional and British Obstacles | |
| |
| |
| The Bretton Woods Agreements | |
| |
| |
| Trade Negotiations: Slow Going and Tough Bargaining | |
| |
| |
| The International Trade Organization and the GATT | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cold War Trade: Protection from Imports and from Communism | |
| |
| |
| The Communist Threat | |
| |
| |
| The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan | |
| |
| |
| Economic and Political Containment | |
| |
| |
| Congressional Trade Restrictions and the Korean War | |
| |
| |
| Eisenhower's New Look in Trade | |
| |
| |
| Protection from Imports | |
| |
| |
| Protection from Unfair Trade | |
| |
| |
| Protection from Fair Trade | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War and Freer Trade | |
| |
| |
| Trade and National Security | |
| |
| |
| The Randall Commission and Renewing Reciprocal Trade | |
| |
| |
| Trouble with Textiles | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Kennedy and Tokyo Rounds of the GATT | |
| |
| |
| The Kennedy Round of the GATT | |
| |
| |
| The Issues | |
| |
| |
| The Trade Expansion Act of 1962 | |
| |
| |
| The Negotiations | |
| |
| |
| The Reaction | |
| |
| |
| The Tokyo Round | |
| |
| |
| Nixon's Trade Decisions | |
| |
| |
| The Trade Act of 1974 | |
| |
| |
| The Tokyo Round | |
| |
| |
| The Trade Agreements Act of 1979 | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oil and Turmoil | |
| |
| |
| Trade in Oil | |
| |
| |
| Quotas and National Security | |
| |
| |
| The Tables Turn | |
| |
| |
| The Oil Weapon | |
| |
| |
| The American Response | |
| |
| |
| Confusion on the Home Front | |
| |
| |
| The Moral Equivalent of War | |
| |
| |
| Revolution in Iran | |
| |
| |
| The Windfall Profits Tax | |
| |
| |
| Rolling Back Energy Prices | |
| |
| |
| The Automobile Industry | |
| |
| |
| America's Love Affair with Big Cars | |
| |
| |
| The Foreign Challenge | |
| |
| |
| Seeking Relief | |
| |
| |
| The Escape Clause Case | |
| |
| |
| Back to Congress | |
| |
| |
| Renewals and Domestic Content | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| From the Cold War to the WTO and NAFTA | |
| |
| |
| East-West Trade | |
| |
| |
| The Grain Embargo | |
| |
| |
| The Pipeline Sanctions | |
| |
| |
| The Japanese Challenge | |
| |
| |
| The Japanese Difference | |
| |
| |
| Market Opening: Round One | |
| |
| |
| Market Opening: Semiconductors | |
| |
| |
| The Structural Impediments Initiative | |
| |
| |
| The Uruguay Round of the GATT | |
| |
| |
| Getting Started | |
| |
| |
| The Negotiations | |
| |
| |
| The Final Negotiations | |
| |
| |
| The North American Free Trade Agreement | |
| |
| |
| The U.S.-Canada Negotiations | |
| |
| |
| The Three-Way Talks | |
| |
| |
| Congressional Approval | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Approaching a New Century of Trade | |
| |
| |
| Japan | |
| |
| |
| The Framework Talks | |
| |
| |
| The Enhanced Initiative | |
| |
| |
| The European Union | |
| |
| |
| Beef Hormones | |
| |
| |
| Bananas | |
| |
| |
| China | |
| |
| |
| Human Rights | |
| |
| |
| Chinese Trade Barriers | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-China WTO Negotiations | |
| |
| |
| The Final Agreement | |
| |
| |
| The United States and the WTO | |
| |
| |
| Dispute Settlement | |
| |
| |
| A New Round of Negotiations | |
| |
| |
| Regional Trade | |
| |
| |
| Asia | |
| |
| |
| Expanding NAFTA | |
| |
| |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| Index | |