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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| To Civil War: What Slavery Did | |
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| Resistance, unity, and diversity in the enslaved population | |
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| White Southerners and the pro-slavery consensus: the plantation elite and the nonslaveholding majority. Whigs, Democrats, and the struggle over secession | |
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| The crisis of up-country society and the emergence of Unionist disaffection | |
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| Slavery under the strain of war | |
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| National Politics: Andrew Johnson and the Lost Compromise | |
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| The Northern majority moves toward emancipation | |
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| Presidential Reconstruction from Lincoln to Johnson, Black Codes, and Conservative rule | |
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| Johnson vs. the Republican Congress: the Northern electorate decides | |
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| Black suffrage and Military Reconstruction | |
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| Emancipation and Terror in the Plantation South | |
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| Rebuilding the slave-style plantation-gang labor and tight control | |
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| Politicization of the freedpeople and the transition to decentralized tenant farming | |
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| Sharecropping and the emergence of Klan-style terrorism | |
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| Establishing the Reconstruction Governments | |
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| Congressional Reconstruction, goals, and mechanics | |
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| Institutionalizing change at the constitutional conventions | |
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| The interracial Republican coalition | |
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| Conservative backlash | |
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| Grant's election and the confirmation of the Reconstruction order | |
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| Railroads, Development, and Reconstructing Society | |
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| The search for native white support | |
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| Whiggish moderates and economic development: railroads as Southern panacea | |
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| Issuing bonds and financial complications | |
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| The corruption issue, civil rights, and the national context | |
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| Race, Faction, and Grant | |
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| The Grant administration and moderate whites | |
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| Radical reaction and black empowerment | |
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| The struggle for leadership and federal patronage, faction, and class in the black community | |
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| The Liberal Republican revolt, the Klan issue, and Grant's reelection | |
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| Gender, Race, and Civil Society in the Reconstruction South | |
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| Freedwomen, domestic work, and family life | |
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| Local government, society, and public education in the Reconstruction South | |
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| Taxes, debt, law enforcement, and the legal structure of equality | |
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| The Politics of Slaughter: Depression and Reaction | |
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| Consolidation of African-American political influence | |
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| The panic of 1873 | |
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| Resurgence of racist violence: the White Leagues | |
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| Collapse of the Northern Republican majority and abandonment of civil rights protection | |
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| The Democratic sweep of 1874, North and South, and its consequences | |
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| Endgame in South Carolina: 1877 and After | |
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| Governor Chamberlain and the reform initiative | |
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| The limits of Republican retrenchment and bipartisan anti-corruption politics | |
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| Terrorism, Rutherford B. Hayes, and the end of Reconstruction | |
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| Toward Jim Crow and the civil rights movement to come | |
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| A Note on Sources | |
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| Index | |